An Empirical Analysis on the Related Variety Dynamics of Regions in Turkey from the Perspective of Evolutionary Economic Geography

Abstract

Relatedness and regional diversification have been among the most debated topics in economic geography and regional development over the last 15 years. These two concepts, on the one hand, explain the sources of the growth and diversification of regional economic activities, and on the other hand, they explain how industrial development emerges and how it changes and branching out spatially over time. This study aims to examine the related variety and regional diversification dynamics of provinces in Turkey in the context of the relatedness. Using provincial product-based export data for the period 2012-2017, the related and unrelated diversification indices based on the entropy measure are calculated for the export portfolio of provinces. The results of analysis reveal significant heterogeneity across provinces and prove that metropolitan cities have higher values in terms of both related and unrelated diversity. Additionally, the evidences of diversification analysis show that provinces tend to diversify towards products that are predominantly related to their current productive structure. The results provide important implications for Turkey's regional development policy and smart specialization strategies.

Keywords

• Evolutionary Economic Geography, Regional Diversification, Related Variety, Unrelated Variety, Regional Branching, Regional Development

Evrimsel Ekonomik Coğrafya Perspektifinden Türkiye’de Bölgelerin İlişkili Çeşitlilik Dinamiklerine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Analiz

Abstract

İlişkililik ve bölgesel çeşitlenme konusu son 15 yılda ekonomik coğrafya ve bölgesel kalkınma alanında en çok tartışılan konuların başında gelmektedir. Bu iki kavram, bir yandan bölgelerin büyümesinin ve farklı ekonomik faaliyetlere çeşitlenmesinin kaynaklarını açıklarken, öbür yandan endüstriyel gelişmenin bölgelerde nasıl ortaya çıktığını ve zaman içerisinde nasıl değiştiğini ve dallandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu kapsamında çalışma evrimsel ekonomik coğrafya literatüründe ön plana çıkan İlişkililik konsepti bağlamında Türkiye’de illerin ilişkili çeşitlilik ve bölgesel çeşitlenme dinamiklerinin incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. 2012-2017 döneminde illere ait ürün bazında ihracat verilerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada entropi yöntemiyle ilişkili ve ilişkisiz çeşitlilik endeksleri hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre ilişkili ve ilişkisiz çeşitlilik değerleri bakımından iller arasında önemli heterojenlik gözlemlenmekle birlikte metropollerin hem ilişkili hem de ilişkisiz çeşitlilik bakımından yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca bölgelerin ihracat portföyünün çeşitlenme karakteristiği incelendiğinde, illerin ağırlıkla mevcut üretken yapısı ile ilişkili ürünlere doğru çeşitlenme eğilimi olduğuna yönelik ampirik bulgular elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, Türkiye’nin bölgesel kalkınma politikası ve akıllı uzmanlaşma stratejileri için önemli ipuçları sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Evrimsel Ekonomik Coğrafya
• Bölgesel Çeşitlenme
• İlişkili Çeşitlilik
• İlişkisiz Çeşitlilik
• Bölgesel Dallanma
• Bölgesel Kalkınma

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