New Regionalism’ in Political Geography as the Focus of the Debate on whether it is a Spatial Catalyst for or a Territorial Alternative to Global Relations

Abstract

While the 'old regionalism', as a trend of the Cold War period, is represented by the monotonous, introverted political-military bloc, the multipolarity of today's global order is represented by the 'new' regionalism by extroversion and flexibility. This is reflected in the renewal of 'old' regionalism' examples such as ASEAN and ECOWAS. The aim of this study is to raise awareness about 'New Regionalism' as a spatial extension or spatial alternative of global currents, on the basis of the contextuality between 'New Regionalism' and 'Old Regionalism'. The literature processed with the historical analysis method is supported by current examples. The article is important because it analyzes the current complex structure of regionalism along with its change and brings this to the political geography literature in Turkey. Today, these two political phenomena are represented by practices so intertwined that it is not possible to define them with sharp lines. Although 'new regionalism' is known by the definition of 'regional trade blocs' accepted by the neo-functionalist model, it is a political organization that includes economy, security, environment and other issues such as NAFTA, MERCOSUR, ECOWAS and especially BRICS and is inter-disciplinary. Boundaries, identity etc. The political and ideological dynamics of each place can create its own regionalism practices. Regional enterprises will create flexible structures with global competitive tendencies as an existence strategy.

Keywords

• Globalization
• Regionalism- New regionalism
• Political geography
• Global political relation

Siyasi Coğrafyada, Küresel İlişkilerin Mekânsal Katalizörü mü Yoksa Teritoryal Alternatifi mi Tartışmasının Odağı Olarak ‘Yeni Bölgecilik’

Abstract

‘Eski Bölgecilik’ Soğuk Savaş döneminin bir akımı olarak tek tonlu, siyasi-askeri bloklaşmanın getirdiği, içe dönüklükle temsil edilirken, günümüzün küresel düzenine ilişkin çok kutupluluk hâli ‘Yeni Bölgecilik’ ise dışa dönüklük ve esneklikle temsil edilir. Bu da ASEAN ve ECOWAS gibi ‘Eski Bölgecilik’ örneklerine yenilenme olarak yansımıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ‘Yeni Bölgecilik’ le ‘Eski Bölgecilik’ arasındaki bağlamsallık temelinde, küresel akıntıların mekânsal uzantısı ya da mekânsal alternatifi olarak ‘Yeni Bölgecilik’ hakkında farkındalık oluşturmaktır. Tarihsel analiz metoduyla işlenen literatür, güncel örneklerle desteklenmiştir. Makale, bölgeciliğin değişimiyle birlikte günümüzdeki kompleks yapısını analiz ettiği ve bunu Türkiye’deki siyasi coğrafya literatürüne taşıdığı için önem arz eder. ‘Yeni Bölgecilik’ neo-işlevselci modelin kabul ettiği bölgesel ticaret blokları tanımıyla bilinse de NAFTA, MERCOSUR, ECOWAS ve özellikle BRICS gibi ekonomi, güvenlik, çevre ve diğer konuları içeren siyasi örgüttür ve inter-disiplinerdir. Günümüzde bu iki siyasi fenomen o kadar iç içe geçmiş pratiklerle temsil edilmektedir ki, keskin hatlarla tanımlamak mümkün değildir. Sınırlar, kimlik vb. gibi her mekânın siyasi ve ideolojik dinamikleri kendisine has bölgecilik pratiklerini yaratabilir. Bölgesel teşebbüsler var olma stratejisi olarak küresel rekabetçi eğilimlerle esnek yapıları yaratacaktır.

Keywords

• Küreselleşme
• bölgecilik-yeni bölgecilik
• siyasi coğrafya
• küresel siyasi ilişkiler

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