Rüzgâr Enerji Sistemlerinin Sosyal Kabul Dinamiklerini Anlamak

Abstract

Fosil tabanlı enerji kaynakları üzerinde oluşan tükenme baskısı; yarattıkları çevresel sorunlar ve buna bağlı gelişen kamu kaygıları; bu kaynakların coğrafi olarak yoğunlaşmasıyla ilintili tekellerin yarattığı enerjide bağımlılık ilişkileri; ülkeler, sanayi, çevre grupları ve genel olarak kamuoyu için yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarını yeni enerji kültürünün popüler öznesi haline getirmiştir. Rüzgâr enerjisi ise ulaştığı hacim, verimlilik parametreleri ve belli piyasalarda bir ticari ürün olarak karşılık bulması nedeniyle kabul edilen diğer yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına göre bir adım öndedir. Bununla birlikte fosil enerji kaynaklarının ürettiği olumsuzluklara bağlı kazanılan yaygın olumlu kanıların ilk ticari rüzgâr enerji sistemlerinin kurulduğu 1970’lerin sonu itibariyle özellikle çiftliklerin bulunduğu yerelliklerde benzer bir süreklilik göstermediği fark edilmiştir. Yerelde rüzgâr enerji sistemlerine dönük gelişen muhalif tutumlar birçok ülkede bu enerji türünün gelişimini yavaşlatmış ve karmaşık bir konu haline dönüştürmüştür. Bu durum ve gelişen farkındalık özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerde rüzgâr enerji sistemlerinin sosyal kabulünün arkasındaki dinamikleri anlamaya dönük çalışmaların akademik literatüre girmesiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Buna karşın Türkiye’de 2005 yılından sonra hızla yayılan rüzgâr enerji sistemlerinin sosyal kabul dinamiklerine ilişkin çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu makalenin literatürdeki genel yönelimlere değinerek yapılacak çalışmalara katkı sağlaması hedeflenmektedir

Keywords

• Sosyal Kabul, Rüzgâr Enerjisi, Yenilenebilir Enerji, Enerji Coğrafyası, NIMBY

Understanding social acceptance dynamics of wind energy systems

Abstract

The pressure of exhaustion over fossil-based energy sources, growing public concerns in parallel with environmental issues created by these sources, the relations of energy dependence created by monopolies related to the geographical condensation of those sources have rendered renewable energy sources as a popular subject of the new energy culture among countries, industries, environmental groups and public as a whole. Meanwhile, wind energy is one step ahead of other accepted renewable energy sources with its attained size, its efficiency parameters and its acclaim as a commercial product. However, it has been realized that widespread positive impressions based on negativities produced by fossil resources have not been similarly continuous especially in localities where farms were established since the end of 1970s, when the first commercial wind power system was installed. The opposing attitudes towards wind power systems within the local scope slowed down the development of this particular energy type in many countries and complicated the issue further. This situation as well as increasing awareness resulted in the entry of studies targeting the comprehension of the dynamics behind the social acceptance of wind energy systems into academic literature, above all in developed countries. On the other hand, Turkey is lacking any study concerning the dynamics of social acceptance of rapidly spreading wind energy systems since the year of 2005. It is hereby aimed that this article will contribute to the studies to be done by touching upon the general tendencies in the literature

Keywords

• Social Acceptance, Wind Energy, Renewable Energy, Energy Geography, NIMBY

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