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Türkiye’nin Demografik Geçiş Sürecine Coğrafi Bir Yaklaşım

Year 2009, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 25, 01.04.2009
https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000096

Abstract

Yakın insanlık tarihindeki esaslı sosyal ve ekonomik değişim modern toplumun dinamikleri olarak görülmektedir. Geçen yüzyıl boyunca nüfusun sosyo-ekonomik dönüşümü nedeniyle doğurganlık tüm dünyada ciddi biçimde düşmüştür. Ayrıca ölümlülükteki düşüşler dünyanın her yerinde doğuranlıktaki azalmalara öncülük etmiştir. Böylece demografik geçiş, küresel bir süreç olarak işlemiştir. Bu bağlamda nüfus çalışmalarında coğrafi sorgulamaların öneminin zamanla daha da arttığı belirtilebilir. Gelişmekte olan dünyada doğurganlığın beklenildiği gibi bir patern sergilemediği açıktır. Başka bir ifadeyle gelişmiş ülkelerin aksine gelişmekte olan ülkeler demografik geçişi hızlı bir biçimde tecrübe edinmişlerdir. Bu ülkelerden biri olan Türkiye’nin demografik geçiş modeli, ülkenin nüfus yapısının gelişmiş ülkelerin nüfus yapısına benzemeye başladığını göstermektedir. Bu makalenin amacı, doğurganlık ve ölümlülükteki il düzeyindeki düşüşleri demografik geçiş teorisi ışığında coğrafi yaklaşımla ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu çalışma, Birleşmiş Milletler ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun yayımladığı nüfus istatistiklerine dayalı olarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmada nüfus sayımlarında yayımlanan çocuk-kadın oranlarındaki yüzdelik değişimler aracılığıyla illerin doğurganlık geçişine giriş paternleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuca ilişkin olarak özellikle yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısı boyunca doğurganlık ve ölümlülükteki düşüşlerin ulusal düzeyde yaygınlaştığı belirtilebilir. Ne var ki il düzeyindeki veriler, ülkede doğurganlık ve ölümlülükteki düşüşlerin esaslı bölgesel farklılıkların varlığına işaret ettiğini göstermektedir

References

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A geographical approach to Turkey’s demographic transition process

Year 2009, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 25, 01.04.2009
https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000096

Abstract

Substantial social and economic changes in recent human history can be seen as the dynamics of modern society. Fertility declined dramatically throughout the world because of the socio-economic transformation of the population during the past century. Meanwhile, mortality decline everywhere appears to have spearheaded to the fertility decline. Thus, the demographic transition has been comprehended as a global process. In this sense, it can be stress out that those geographic investigations in population studies gained much more importance in the course of time. In the developing world fertility did not seem to follow expected pattern. In other words, contrary to the developed countries, the developing world has experienced the demographic transition rapidly. Turkey’s demographic transition model, as one of the developing countries, indicates that the population structure of its country has started to converge to the population structure of developed countries. With a geographical approach, the aim of the present study is to reveal fertility and mortality declines at a provincial level in the light of the demographic transition theory. This study mainly based on population statistics issued by the United Nations, and the Turkish Statistical Institute. Onset of fertility transition-patterns of the provinces were determined by means of the percentage changes in child-woman ratios that had been issued following the censuses. It can be pointed out that, referring to the conclusion, fertility and mortality declines have been pervasive at a national level especially throughout the second part of the twentieth century. But in fact, the province-level data indicate that substantial regional variations in fertility and mortality reductions exist in the country

References

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  • Bryant, J. (2007) “Theories of fertility decline and the evidence from development indicators”, Population and Development Review, 33, 101-127.
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  • Guilmoto, C.Z.; Rajan, S.I. (2001) “Spatial patterns of fertility transition in Indian districts” Population and Development Review, 27, 713-738.
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There are 86 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA32KB88EG
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

M. Murat Yüceşahin

Publication Date April 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yüceşahin, M. M. (2009). Türkiye’nin Demografik Geçiş Sürecine Coğrafi Bir Yaklaşım. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000096