Trophic Interactions among Plants, Herbivores and Natural Enemies

Öz

Plants, herbivorous ve natural enemies consist of complex trophic relationships. Both herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods use plant volatiles when foraging for food. Herbivorous are attracted by the plant volatiles. Plants emit various compound of chemical against attack by herbivore. In response to herbivory, plants emit a blend that may be quantitatively and qualitatively different from the blend emitted when intact. This induced volatile blend alters the interactions of the plant with its environment. Natural enemies (parasitoids ve predators) of herbivore positively affected the result of herbivore feeding in plants caused chemicals. In addition, these natural enemies are used, the signals directly by herbivore, to find hosts or prey. Tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivores and natural enemies should be studied for successful applications of biological control

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plants, Herbivorous, Natural enemies, Trophic interactions, Biological control

Bitkiler, herbivorlar ve doğal düşmanlar arasındaki trofik ilişkiler

Öz

Bitkiler, herbivorlar ve doğal düşmanlar arasında karmaşık trofik ilişkiler mevcuttur. Hem herbivorlar hem de doğal düşmanlar, besinlerini bulmada bitkisel kaynaklı kimyasallardan faydalanır. Bitkiler salgılamış oldukları kimyasallarla herbivorları cezbeder. Bitkiler herbivorların saldırısına uğradıklarında da çeşitli bileşimlerde kimyasallar salgılayıp, yayarlar. Bu yayılan kimyasallar, herbivor saldırısı olmadığı durumlarda ortaya çıkan kimyasallardan nitelik ve nicelik olarak farklıdır. Bu şekilde bitkiler tarafından salgılanan uçucu kimyasal bileşikler, bitkinin çevresi ile olan ilişkilerinin değişimine yol açmaktadır. Doğal düşmanlar (parazitoitler ve predatörler), herbivorların beslenmesi sonucu bitkilerin meydana getirdiği kimyasallardan olumlu şekilde etkilenebilmektedir. Ayrıca doğal düşmanlar doğrudan herbivorlar tarafından gelen sinyalleri de, konukçularını ya da avlarını bulmada kullanabilmektedir. Başarılı biyolojik mücadele uygulamaları için bitkiler, herbivorlar ve doğal düşmanlar arasında mevcut trofik ilişkilerin çalışılması gerekmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitkiler, Herbivorlar, Doğal düşmanlar, Trofik ilişkiler, Biyolojik mücadele

Kaynakça

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