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SİGARA İÇMENİN KOMPOZİT REZİNLERİN RENK STABİLİTELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Year 2019, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 7 - 16, 01.04.2019

Abstract

Amaç: Kompozit rezinler en fazla kullanılan estetik restoratif dolgu materyalleridir. Fakat, intra oral çevrede iç ve dış kaynaklı çeşitli nedenler ile renk değişimleri göstermektedirler. Sigara diş kaynaklı boyanmalarda önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı yeni üretilmiş dört kompozit rezinde (SDI-ICE, Charisma Diamond, Charisma Smart, Clearfil Majesty E) sigara etkisiyle oluşabilecek renk değişimlerinin değerlendirilmesidir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Deney örneklerinin hazırlanması için 2 mm kalınlığında ve 10 mm çapında teflon kalıplar kullanıldı. Örnekler kalıplara yerleştirildikten sonra üzerine sellüloid strip bant (Universal strips, Extra Dental, İstanbul, Türkiye) uygulandı ve LED ışık cihazı (Radii plus, SDI, Köln, Almanya) ile 20 s üst yüzeylerinden polimerize edildiler. Bu şekilde renk değişimi ölçümleri için her kompozit rezine ait 10’ar adet örnek hazırlandı. Tüm örnekler 37°C de 24 saat distile suda bekletildikten sonra spektrofotometre ile (Vita Easyshade, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Almanya) başlangıç renkleri ölçüldü (ΔE). Örnekler özel bir düzeneğe yerleştirildikten sonra sigara dumanına (Malboro, Philip Morris, Neuchatel, İsviçre) maruz bırakıldılar ve renk ölçümleri tekrarlandı. Başlangıç ve sigara dumanından sonraki renk farklılıkları hesaplandı (ΔE*). Sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak tek yönlü Varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Tukey-Kramer testleri ile değerlendirildi (p=0,05).

Bulgular: Tüm kompozitlerin renk değişimleri klinik olarak kabul edilebilir düzeyin üzerindeydi (ΔE*> 3,7). Bununla birlikte en az renk değişimi SDI-ICE, en fazla renk
değişimi ise Clearfil Majesty E kompozitlerde bulundu. Tüm kompozitlerdeki renk değişimleri klinik olarak önemliydi. Ayrıca bazı kompozitler arasında istatistiksel olarak onemli renk stabilite farkları gözlendi.

Sonuç: Kompozit rezinlerdeki yapısal gelişmelere rağmen çalışmada kullandığımız yeni üretilen kompozit rezinler, renk stabilitesi açısından başarılı bulunmadılar. Hekimlerin, özellikle ön bölgeye yapılacak kompozit restorasyonlara dikkat etmesi gerektiği ve yoğun sigara tüketimlerinin mevcut restorasyonlarının renklenmesine yol açabileceği konusunda kişileri bilgilendirmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

References

  • BEYER J, WAVERLY L. TOBACCO CONTROL POLICY: STRATEGIES, SUCCESSES and SETBACKS. Washington DC: The World Bank, 2003; p. 1-12.
  • WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Tobacco or Health: A Global Status Report 2010. Erişim: [http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report full en.pdf]
  • ASLAN D, BILIR N, DILBAZ N, KILINÇ O, ÖRSEL O, ÖZCEBE H, GÜVEN SG, UZASLAN E. TÜTÜN BAĞIMLILIĞI ile MÜCADELE EL KITABI, Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, 2010; s.: 20-22.
  • MIMIOĞLU MM. Sigaranın sistemik etkileri üzerine yapılan araştırmalar. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 1986; 43: 85-89.
  • STEDMAN RL (1968). The Chemical Composition of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke. Chem Rev 1968; 68: 153-207.
  • HECHT SS, HOFFMANN D. Tobacacospecific nitrosamines, an important group of carcinogens in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Carcinogenesis 1988; 9: 875-84.
  • BALJOON M, NATTO S, BERGSTRÖM J. Long-term effect of smoking on vertical periodontal bone loss. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 789-97.
  • PONNAIYAN D, CHILLARA P, PALANI Y. Correlation of environmental tobacco smoke to gingival pigmentation and salivary alpha amylase in young adults. Eur J Dent 2017; 11: 364–9.
  • YAPRAK E, YOLCUBAL I, SINANOĞLU A, DOĞRUL-DEMIRAY A, GUZELDEMIR AKCAKANAT E, MARAKOĞLU I. High levels of heavy metal accumulation in dental calculus of smokers: a pilot inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry study. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52: 83-8.
  • ÖZSEZER DEMIRYÜREK E, SAKALLIOĞLU EE, KALYONCUOĞLU E, YILMAZ MIROĞLU Y, SAKALLIOĞLU U. The Effects of Smoking on the Osmotic Pressure of Human Dental Pulp Tissue. Med Princ Pract 2015; 24: 465- 9.
  • AVSAR A, TOPALOGLU B, HAZARBODRUMLU E. Association of passive smoking with dental development in young children. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2013; 14: 215- 8.
  • ARBABI-KALATI F, SALIMI S, NABAVI S, RIGI S, MIRI-MOGHADDAM M. Effects of Tobacco on Salivary Antioxidative and Immunologic Systems. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18: 1215–8.
  • KRALL EA, DIETRICH T, NUNN ME, RAUL I. Risk of Tooth Loss After Cigarette Smoking Cessation. Prev Chronic Disease 2006; 3: 1-8.
  • NAKONIECZNA-RUDNICKA M, BACHANEK T. Number of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in saliva versus the status of cigarette smoking, considering duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked daily. Ann Agric Environ Med 2017; 24: 396– 400.
  • SAMANTHA Y, SANKAR AJ, GANAPATHY KS, SRINIVAS K, ANKINEEDU D, CHOUDARY AL. Clinicopathologic evaluation of lesions associated with tobacco usage. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15: 466-72.
  • FURUKAWA S, UENO M, KAWAGUCHI Y. Influence of tobacco on dental and oral diseases. Nihon Rinsho 2013; 71: 459-63. 17.CHRISTEN AG. The case against smokeless tobacco: five facts for the health professional to consider. J Am Dent Assoc 1980; 101: 464-9.
  • PATIL SS, DHAKSHAINI MR, GUJJARI AK. Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Acrylic Resin Teeth. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7: 2056–9.
  • SIBLERUD RL, KIENHOLZ E, MOTL J. Evidence that mercury from silver dental fillings may be an etiological factor in smoking. Toxicol Lett 1993; 68: 307-10.
  • BEIER US, KAPFERER I, BURTSCHER D, DUMFAHRT H. Clinical performance of porcelain laminate veneers for up to 20 years. Int J Prosthodont 2012; 25: 79-85.
  • MATHIAS P, COSTA L, SARAIVA LO, ROSSI TA, CAVALCANTI AN, DA ROCHA NOGUEIRA-FILHO G. Morphologic texture characterization allied to cigarette smoke increase pigmentation in composite resin restorations. J Esthet Restor Dent 2010; 22: 252-9.
  • DA SILVA TM, DA SILVA NY, GONÇALVES LL, ALVES LP, FERNANDES AU, GONÇALVES SEP. Staining Beverages and Cigarette Smoke on Composite Resin and Human Tooth Fluorescence by Direct Spectrometry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18: 352-7.
  • RAPTIS CN, POWERS JM, FAN PL, YU R. Staining of composite resins by cigarette smoke. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 1982; 9: 367–71.
  • MATHIAS P, SILVA LD, SARAIVA LDE O, COSTA L, SAMPAIO MD, DE ARAUJO RP, CAVALCANTI AN. Effect of surface sealant and repolishinag procedures on the color of composite resin exposed to cigarette smoke. Gen Dent 2010; 58: 331-5.
  • MATHIAS P, ROSSI TA, CAVALCANTI AN, LIMA MJ, FONTES CM, NOGUEIRA-FILHO GDA R. Cigarette smoke combined with staining beverages decreases luminosity and increases pigmentation in composite resin restorations. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2011; 32: 66-70.
  • WASILEWSKI MS, TAKAHASHI MK, KIRSTEN GA, DE SOUZA EM. Effect of cigarette smoke and whiskey on the color stability of dental composites. Am J Dent 2010; 23: 4-8.
  • ALANDIA-ROMAN CC, CRUVINEL DR, SOUSA AB, PIRES-DE-SOUZA FC, PANZERI H. Effect of cigarette smoke on color stability and surface roughness of dental composites. J Dent 2013; 41: 73-9.
  • BELLI S, TANRIVERDI FF, BELLI E. Colour stability of three esthetic laminate materials against to different staining agents. J Marmara Univ Dent Fac 1997; 2: 643-8.
  • TOPÇU FT, ŞAHINKESEN G, YAMANEL K, ERDEMIR U, OKTAY EA, ERSAHAN S. Influence of different drinks on the colour stability of dental resin composites. Eur J Dent 2009; 3: 50-6.
  • SAMRA AP, PEREIRA SK, DELGADO LC, BORGES CP . Color stability evaluation of aesthetic restorative materials. Braz Oral Res 2008; 22: 205-10.
  • UM CM, RUYTER IE. Staining of resin-based veneering materials with coffee and tea. Quintessence Int 1991; 22: 377-86.
  • FURUSE AY, GORDON K, RODRIGUES FP, SILIKAS N, WATTS DC. Colour-stability and gloss-retention of silorane and dimethacrylate composites with accelerated aging. J Dent 2008; 36: 945-52.
  • GULER AU, YILMAZ F, KULUNK T, GULER E, KURT S. Effects of different drinks on stainability of resin composite restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent 2005; 94:118-24.
  • LUIZ BKM, AMBONI RDMC, PRATES LHM, BERTOLINO JR, PIRES ATN. Influence of drinks on resin composite: Evaluation of degree of cure and color change parameters. Polymer Testing 2007; 26: 438-44.
  • WYSZECKI G, STILES WS. COLOR SCIENCE: CONCEPTS and METHODS, QUANTITAIİVE DATA and FORMULAE. 2nd Ed., New York: Wiley; 1982.
  • YANNIKAKIS SA, ZISSIZ AJ, POLYZOIS GL, CARONI C. Color stability of provisional resin restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent 1998; 80: 533-9.
  • ERTAS E., GULER A.U., YUCEL A.C., KOPRULU H., GULER E. Color stability of resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Dent Mater J 2006; 25: 371-6.
  • JOHNSTON WM, KAO EC. Assesment of appearence match by visual observation and clinical colorimetry. J Dent Res 1989; 68: 819-22.
  • OKUBO SR, KANAWATI A, RICHARDS MW, CHILDRESS S. Evaluation of visual and instrument shade matching. J Prosthet Dent 1998; 80: 642-8.
  • NALÇACI A, BAĞIŞ B. Nano-hibrit bir kompozit rezinin yüzey sertliğinin in vitro olarak incelenmesi. A. Ü. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg 2005; 32: 91-8.
  • DIETSCHI D, CAMPANILE G, HOLZ J, MEYER JM. Comparison of the color stability of ten new-generation composites: an in vitro study. Dent Mater 1994; 10: 353– 62.
  • REIS AF, GIANNINI M, LOVADINO JR, AMBROSANO GM. Effects of various finishing systems on the surface roughness and staining susceptibility of packable composite resins. Dent Mater 2003; 19: 12- 8.
  • KHOKHAR ZA, RAZZOOG ME, YAMAN P. Color stability of restorative resins. Quintessence Int 1991; 22: 733-7.
  • SARAÇ D, SARAÇ Ş, KÜLÜNK T, KÜLÜNK Ş, URAL Ç. Kompozitlerin Renk Stabilitelerine Işık Kaynaklarının Etkisi. Hacettepe Dişhekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2006; 30: 77- 82.

Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Color Stability of Resin Composites

Year 2019, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 7 - 16, 01.04.2019

Abstract

Aim: Composite resins are presently the most commonly used aesthetic restorative materials but, in intra oral environment, composite resins may show discoloration due to intirinsic or extrinsic causes. Cigarette smoke is an important extrinsic factor on discoloration. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the color stability of newly
marketed four composite resins (SDI-ICE, Charisma Diamond, Charisma Smart, Clearfil Majesty E). Materials and method: Ten cylindrical specimens were prepared for each resin composites using a teflon mold (2 mm height and 10 mm diameter). All the specimens were polymerized by a LED curing unit (Radii plus, SDI, Köln, Germany) for 20 sec on top side against a mylar strip (Universal strips, Extra Dental, İstanbul, Turkey). Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Baseline colors of specimens were measured with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany). Then, they were exposed to cigarette smoke (Marlboro Red, Philip Morris, Neuchatel, Switzerland) in a special contrivance and color measurements were repeated. The color differences between baseline and after smoke were calculated. The resuts were statisticaly analysed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer test (p=0,05). Results: The color stability of all composites were not within the clinically acceptable range (ΔE*> 3,7). However, the least color changes were found in SDI-ICE, while the most color changes were found in Clearfil Majesty E resin composites. Conclusion:  The color differences of all composites were clinically significant. In addition, significant difference among the some resin composites were obsereved. 

References

  • BEYER J, WAVERLY L. TOBACCO CONTROL POLICY: STRATEGIES, SUCCESSES and SETBACKS. Washington DC: The World Bank, 2003; p. 1-12.
  • WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Tobacco or Health: A Global Status Report 2010. Erişim: [http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report full en.pdf]
  • ASLAN D, BILIR N, DILBAZ N, KILINÇ O, ÖRSEL O, ÖZCEBE H, GÜVEN SG, UZASLAN E. TÜTÜN BAĞIMLILIĞI ile MÜCADELE EL KITABI, Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, 2010; s.: 20-22.
  • MIMIOĞLU MM. Sigaranın sistemik etkileri üzerine yapılan araştırmalar. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 1986; 43: 85-89.
  • STEDMAN RL (1968). The Chemical Composition of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke. Chem Rev 1968; 68: 153-207.
  • HECHT SS, HOFFMANN D. Tobacacospecific nitrosamines, an important group of carcinogens in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Carcinogenesis 1988; 9: 875-84.
  • BALJOON M, NATTO S, BERGSTRÖM J. Long-term effect of smoking on vertical periodontal bone loss. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 789-97.
  • PONNAIYAN D, CHILLARA P, PALANI Y. Correlation of environmental tobacco smoke to gingival pigmentation and salivary alpha amylase in young adults. Eur J Dent 2017; 11: 364–9.
  • YAPRAK E, YOLCUBAL I, SINANOĞLU A, DOĞRUL-DEMIRAY A, GUZELDEMIR AKCAKANAT E, MARAKOĞLU I. High levels of heavy metal accumulation in dental calculus of smokers: a pilot inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry study. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52: 83-8.
  • ÖZSEZER DEMIRYÜREK E, SAKALLIOĞLU EE, KALYONCUOĞLU E, YILMAZ MIROĞLU Y, SAKALLIOĞLU U. The Effects of Smoking on the Osmotic Pressure of Human Dental Pulp Tissue. Med Princ Pract 2015; 24: 465- 9.
  • AVSAR A, TOPALOGLU B, HAZARBODRUMLU E. Association of passive smoking with dental development in young children. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2013; 14: 215- 8.
  • ARBABI-KALATI F, SALIMI S, NABAVI S, RIGI S, MIRI-MOGHADDAM M. Effects of Tobacco on Salivary Antioxidative and Immunologic Systems. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18: 1215–8.
  • KRALL EA, DIETRICH T, NUNN ME, RAUL I. Risk of Tooth Loss After Cigarette Smoking Cessation. Prev Chronic Disease 2006; 3: 1-8.
  • NAKONIECZNA-RUDNICKA M, BACHANEK T. Number of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in saliva versus the status of cigarette smoking, considering duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked daily. Ann Agric Environ Med 2017; 24: 396– 400.
  • SAMANTHA Y, SANKAR AJ, GANAPATHY KS, SRINIVAS K, ANKINEEDU D, CHOUDARY AL. Clinicopathologic evaluation of lesions associated with tobacco usage. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15: 466-72.
  • FURUKAWA S, UENO M, KAWAGUCHI Y. Influence of tobacco on dental and oral diseases. Nihon Rinsho 2013; 71: 459-63. 17.CHRISTEN AG. The case against smokeless tobacco: five facts for the health professional to consider. J Am Dent Assoc 1980; 101: 464-9.
  • PATIL SS, DHAKSHAINI MR, GUJJARI AK. Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Acrylic Resin Teeth. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7: 2056–9.
  • SIBLERUD RL, KIENHOLZ E, MOTL J. Evidence that mercury from silver dental fillings may be an etiological factor in smoking. Toxicol Lett 1993; 68: 307-10.
  • BEIER US, KAPFERER I, BURTSCHER D, DUMFAHRT H. Clinical performance of porcelain laminate veneers for up to 20 years. Int J Prosthodont 2012; 25: 79-85.
  • MATHIAS P, COSTA L, SARAIVA LO, ROSSI TA, CAVALCANTI AN, DA ROCHA NOGUEIRA-FILHO G. Morphologic texture characterization allied to cigarette smoke increase pigmentation in composite resin restorations. J Esthet Restor Dent 2010; 22: 252-9.
  • DA SILVA TM, DA SILVA NY, GONÇALVES LL, ALVES LP, FERNANDES AU, GONÇALVES SEP. Staining Beverages and Cigarette Smoke on Composite Resin and Human Tooth Fluorescence by Direct Spectrometry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18: 352-7.
  • RAPTIS CN, POWERS JM, FAN PL, YU R. Staining of composite resins by cigarette smoke. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 1982; 9: 367–71.
  • MATHIAS P, SILVA LD, SARAIVA LDE O, COSTA L, SAMPAIO MD, DE ARAUJO RP, CAVALCANTI AN. Effect of surface sealant and repolishinag procedures on the color of composite resin exposed to cigarette smoke. Gen Dent 2010; 58: 331-5.
  • MATHIAS P, ROSSI TA, CAVALCANTI AN, LIMA MJ, FONTES CM, NOGUEIRA-FILHO GDA R. Cigarette smoke combined with staining beverages decreases luminosity and increases pigmentation in composite resin restorations. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2011; 32: 66-70.
  • WASILEWSKI MS, TAKAHASHI MK, KIRSTEN GA, DE SOUZA EM. Effect of cigarette smoke and whiskey on the color stability of dental composites. Am J Dent 2010; 23: 4-8.
  • ALANDIA-ROMAN CC, CRUVINEL DR, SOUSA AB, PIRES-DE-SOUZA FC, PANZERI H. Effect of cigarette smoke on color stability and surface roughness of dental composites. J Dent 2013; 41: 73-9.
  • BELLI S, TANRIVERDI FF, BELLI E. Colour stability of three esthetic laminate materials against to different staining agents. J Marmara Univ Dent Fac 1997; 2: 643-8.
  • TOPÇU FT, ŞAHINKESEN G, YAMANEL K, ERDEMIR U, OKTAY EA, ERSAHAN S. Influence of different drinks on the colour stability of dental resin composites. Eur J Dent 2009; 3: 50-6.
  • SAMRA AP, PEREIRA SK, DELGADO LC, BORGES CP . Color stability evaluation of aesthetic restorative materials. Braz Oral Res 2008; 22: 205-10.
  • UM CM, RUYTER IE. Staining of resin-based veneering materials with coffee and tea. Quintessence Int 1991; 22: 377-86.
  • FURUSE AY, GORDON K, RODRIGUES FP, SILIKAS N, WATTS DC. Colour-stability and gloss-retention of silorane and dimethacrylate composites with accelerated aging. J Dent 2008; 36: 945-52.
  • GULER AU, YILMAZ F, KULUNK T, GULER E, KURT S. Effects of different drinks on stainability of resin composite restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent 2005; 94:118-24.
  • LUIZ BKM, AMBONI RDMC, PRATES LHM, BERTOLINO JR, PIRES ATN. Influence of drinks on resin composite: Evaluation of degree of cure and color change parameters. Polymer Testing 2007; 26: 438-44.
  • WYSZECKI G, STILES WS. COLOR SCIENCE: CONCEPTS and METHODS, QUANTITAIİVE DATA and FORMULAE. 2nd Ed., New York: Wiley; 1982.
  • YANNIKAKIS SA, ZISSIZ AJ, POLYZOIS GL, CARONI C. Color stability of provisional resin restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent 1998; 80: 533-9.
  • ERTAS E., GULER A.U., YUCEL A.C., KOPRULU H., GULER E. Color stability of resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Dent Mater J 2006; 25: 371-6.
  • JOHNSTON WM, KAO EC. Assesment of appearence match by visual observation and clinical colorimetry. J Dent Res 1989; 68: 819-22.
  • OKUBO SR, KANAWATI A, RICHARDS MW, CHILDRESS S. Evaluation of visual and instrument shade matching. J Prosthet Dent 1998; 80: 642-8.
  • NALÇACI A, BAĞIŞ B. Nano-hibrit bir kompozit rezinin yüzey sertliğinin in vitro olarak incelenmesi. A. Ü. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg 2005; 32: 91-8.
  • DIETSCHI D, CAMPANILE G, HOLZ J, MEYER JM. Comparison of the color stability of ten new-generation composites: an in vitro study. Dent Mater 1994; 10: 353– 62.
  • REIS AF, GIANNINI M, LOVADINO JR, AMBROSANO GM. Effects of various finishing systems on the surface roughness and staining susceptibility of packable composite resins. Dent Mater 2003; 19: 12- 8.
  • KHOKHAR ZA, RAZZOOG ME, YAMAN P. Color stability of restorative resins. Quintessence Int 1991; 22: 733-7.
  • SARAÇ D, SARAÇ Ş, KÜLÜNK T, KÜLÜNK Ş, URAL Ç. Kompozitlerin Renk Stabilitelerine Işık Kaynaklarının Etkisi. Hacettepe Dişhekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2006; 30: 77- 82.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Armin Mokhtarı Tavana This is me

Osman Gökay This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 46 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Mokhtarı Tavana, A., & Gökay, O. (2019). SİGARA İÇMENİN KOMPOZİT REZİNLERİN RENK STABİLİTELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(1), 7-16.
AMA Mokhtarı Tavana A, Gökay O. SİGARA İÇMENİN KOMPOZİT REZİNLERİN RENK STABİLİTELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. AÜDHF dergisi. April 2019;46(1):7-16.
Chicago Mokhtarı Tavana, Armin, and Osman Gökay. “SİGARA İÇMENİN KOMPOZİT REZİNLERİN RENK STABİLİTELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ”. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 46, no. 1 (April 2019): 7-16.
EndNote Mokhtarı Tavana A, Gökay O (April 1, 2019) SİGARA İÇMENİN KOMPOZİT REZİNLERİN RENK STABİLİTELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 46 1 7–16.
IEEE A. Mokhtarı Tavana and O. Gökay, “SİGARA İÇMENİN KOMPOZİT REZİNLERİN RENK STABİLİTELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ”, AÜDHF dergisi, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 7–16, 2019.
ISNAD Mokhtarı Tavana, Armin - Gökay, Osman. “SİGARA İÇMENİN KOMPOZİT REZİNLERİN RENK STABİLİTELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ”. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 46/1 (April 2019), 7-16.
JAMA Mokhtarı Tavana A, Gökay O. SİGARA İÇMENİN KOMPOZİT REZİNLERİN RENK STABİLİTELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. AÜDHF dergisi. 2019;46:7–16.
MLA Mokhtarı Tavana, Armin and Osman Gökay. “SİGARA İÇMENİN KOMPOZİT REZİNLERİN RENK STABİLİTELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ”. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 46, no. 1, 2019, pp. 7-16.
Vancouver Mokhtarı Tavana A, Gökay O. SİGARA İÇMENİN KOMPOZİT REZİNLERİN RENK STABİLİTELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. AÜDHF dergisi. 2019;46(1):7-16.