Anlaşılması Zor Birliktelik; Birey, Korkuya Dayalı Devlet, Thomas Hobbes ve Vergileme

Abstract

Korku, doğal, güçlü ve ilkel bir insan duygusudur. Evrensel bir biyokimyasal tepkidir ve yüksek bir bireysel duygusal tepkiyi içermektedir. Ayrıca, korku ister fiziksel ister psikolojik olsun, tehlike veya zarar tehdidinin varlığı konusunda bizi uyarmaktadır da. Bu açıdan çok kısa bir tanımla, “korku” güçtür. Korku günümüzde üretilebilen bir kavramdır ve ne yazık ki sınırsızdır. Üretilebilen ve sınırsız korkunun kaynağı bir açıdan devlettir. Diğer bir ifadeyle, bu kapsamdaki korku kurumlaşmış bir korku olarak adlandırılabilir. Bu kurumlaşmış korku, oluşmuş-ya da bu çalışmada oluşturulmuş bir model olarak kabul edilmektedir- tarihsel süreçte var olmuştur ve günümüzde de de geçerlidir ve uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı siyaset teorisinde birey-devlet ilişkisinin “korku” kavramı açısından irdelenmesi ve açıklanmasıdır. Çalışmada “Korku” kavramının kullanılması suretiyle çalışmada ele alınan temel sorun ise mümkün olan en iyi sosyal korumayla, mümkün olan en büyük ekonomik refahın devlet aygıtı tarafından nasıl çalıştığını tarihsel süreç içerisinde nasıl yorumlandığının açıklanmasıdır.

Keywords

• Thomas Hobbes
• Vergi
• Vergileme
• Hobbesçu Korku
• Leviathan Devlet

An Elusive Coexistence; The Individual, The State of Fear, Thomas Hobbes, and Taxation

Abstract

Fear is a natural, strong and primitive human emotion. It is a universal biochemical response and includes a high individual emotional response. It also alerts us to the presence of danger or threat of harm, whether physical or psychological. In this respect, very briefly, “fear” is power. Fear is a concept that can be produced today and unfortunately it is unlimited. The source of producible and unlimited fear is, in a way, the state. In other words, fear in this context can be called an institutionalized fear. This institutionalized fear has been formed - or is accepted as a model created in this study - has existed in the historical process and is still valid and applied today. The aim of this study is to examine and explain the individual-state relationship in terms of the concept of "fear" in political theory. By using the concept of "fear" in the study, the main problem addressed in the study is to explain how the greatest possible economic welfare with the best possible social protection is interpreted by the state apparatus in the historical process.

Keywords

• Tax
• Taxation
• Thomas Hobbes
• Hobbesian fear
• Leviathan State

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