ESTIMATING CO2 EMISSIONS BY USING ENERGY INTENSITY DATA OF OECD COUNTRIES

Abstract

It is discussed that economic development has an essential effect on the country’s CO2 emission which plays an important role in global warming. In this research well-known machine learning algorithm Extreme Learning Machine, ELM, is used to investigate the relationship between  CO2 emission and energy intensity for countries in OECD. The results indicate a strong correlation and the method perform well for estimation.

Keywords

• Extreme Learning Machine (ELM),Energy Intensity,CO2 emission

References

1. I. Ozturk and A. Caravci, CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2010;14:3220–5. 

2. BP. BP statistical review of world energy June 2016; 2016. http://www.bp.com/ statisticalreview. 

3. SJ. Davis, K. Caldeira and HD. Matthews, Future CO2 emissions and climate change from existing energy infrastructure. Science 2010;329:1330–3.
4. P.R. Ehrlich and J.P. Holdren, Impact of population growth. Science 1971, 3977, 1212–1217.
5. A. Shi, The impact of population pressure on global carbon dioxide emissions, 1975–1996: Evidence from pooled cross-country data. Ecol. Econ. 2003, 1, 29–42.
6. M. Wang and C. Feng, Decomposition of energy-related CO2 emissions in China: an empirical analysis based on provincial panel data of three sectors. Appl Energy 2017;190:772–87.
7. B. Lin and H. Liu, CO2 emissions of China’s commercial and residential buildings: Evidence and reduction policy. Build Environ 2015;92:418–31. 

8. www.worlddatabank.com

9. J. Long, L. Shuai, H. Bin and L. Mei, A survey on projection neural networks and their applications Applied Soft Computing, Volume 76, 2019, Pages 533-544
10. G.B. Huang, Q.Y. Zhu and C.K. Siew, Extreme learning machine:Theory and applications, Neurocomputing 70 (2006a) 489501 

11. S. Gang and D. Qun, A novel double deep ELMs ensemble system for time series forecasting , Knowledge-Based Systems, Volume 134, 2017, Pages 31-49.
12. K. Marius, Y. Yang, L. Caihong, C. Yanhua and L. Lian Mixed kernel based extreme learning machine for electric load forecasting Neurocomputing, Volume 312, 2018, Pages 90-106