İran’ın Dış Politikasında Milliyetçilikten İslamcılığa Geçiş

Abstract

1979 İran Devrimi, nedenleri, gelişimi ve geniş kapsamlı sonuçları olan çok yönlü bir olgudur. Kökleri 20. yüzyılın başlarındaki Meşrutiyet Devrimi’ne ve Ayetullahların iktidara yükselişine dayanan devrimin başlangıcı birbirinden farklı ancak birbiriyle bağlantılıdır. Yirminci yüzyıldaki pek çok devrimin aksine 1979 İran Devrimi, sosyalist ya da komünist modelden farklı olarak hem Batı hem de Doğu sistemlerine karşı bir başkaldırı olarak kendini göstermiş ve benzersiz sonuçlar doğurmuştur. 1979 Devrimi geleneksel ve yerleşik bir düzeni sarsmış ve yeni bir siyasi çerçeve içinde İslamcılığın yükselişinin önünü açmıştır. Bu ideoloji de öncekiler gibi dini doktrine dayalı tekil bir liderliği benimsemiştir. İran rejimi, kendisini küresel ve bölgesel güçlerden farklılaştırmak ve kendi benzersiz devrimine odaklanmak için “ne Doğu ne Batı, İslam Cumhuriyeti” sloganıyla özetlenen bir dış politika şekillendirmiş ve bu ideolojiyi küresel çapta ihraç etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Öncelikle siyasi ve ideolojik çıkarlara odaklanmış, bu da ABD tarafından uygulanan kalıcı yaptırımlarla sonuçlanmıştır. Bu ekonomik boyut, İran’ın ABD’ye yönelik dış politikasında devrim öncesi Pers milliyetçiliğinden devrim sonrası siyasal İslam’a doğru yaşanan değişimlere katkıda bulunarak dış baskılar karşısındaki gücünü ve uyum yeteneğini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Dış Politika
• İran Devrimi
• ABD
• Şiilik
• “Doğu’ya Bakış”

The Transition from Nationalism to Islamism in Iran’s Foreign Policy

Abstract

The 1979 Iranian Revolution is a multifaceted phenomenon with intricate causes, complex evolution and far-reaching outcomes. Rooted in the Constitutional Revolution of the early 20th century and the rise to power of the Ayatollahs, its beginnings are distinct but interconnected. Unlike many revolutions of the 20th century, the 1979 Iranian Revolution was a departure from the socialist or communist model and manifested itself as a revolt against both Western and Eastern systems, with unique outcomes. The 1979 Revolution shook a traditional and established order and paved the way for the rise of Islamism within a new political framework. This ideology, like its predecessors, adopted a singular leadership based on religious doctrine. To differentiate itself from global and regional powers and focus on its unique revolution, the Iranian regime shaped a foreign policy summarized by the slogan “neither East nor West, the Islamic Republic” and aimed to export this ideology globally. The policy focused primarily on political and ideological interests, resulting in permanent sanctions imposed by the United States. This economic aspect contributes to the changes in Iran’s foreign policy towards the United States, from pre-revolutionary Persian nationalism to post-Revolutionary political Islam, emphasizing its strength and adaptability in the face of external pressures.

Keywords

• Foreign Policy
• Iranian Revolution
• US
• Shiism
• “Look East”

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