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Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 13 - 22, 25.06.2020

Abstract

References

  • Akgul-Acıkmeşe, Sinem. (2004). ‘Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri Işığında Avrupa Bütünleşmesi’. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 1 (1): 1-32.
  • Arsava, Fusun. (2001). ‘Hangi Avrupa, Ne Kadar Esneklik?’. Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 1 (1): 33-44.
  • Atılgan, Canan and Kleın, Deborah. (2006). ‘EU Integration Models Beyond Full Membership’. Working Paper, (158): 1-18.
  • Aydın, Dilek. (2018). ‘Türkiye–AB İlişkilerinde Brüksel Gündemi’. http://www.gundem.be/tr/avrupa-birligi/ turkiye-ab-iliskilerinde-bruksel-gundemi, [Accessed: 10.05.2018]
  • Aydın-Duzgit, Senem and Kaliber, Alper. (2016). ‘Encounters with Europe in an Era of Domestic and International Turmoil: Is Turkey a De-Europeanising Candidate Country?’. South European Society and Politics, 21 (1): 1-14.
  • Baldwin, Richard E. (2018). ‘The Eastern enlargement of the European Union’. European Economic Review, 39: 474-481.
  • Bechev, Dimitar. (2012). ‘The Periphery Of The Periphery: The Western Balkans And The Euro Crisis’. ECFR, (60): 1-16.
  • Cianciara, Agnieszka K. and Szymański, Adam. (2020). ‘Differentiated integration: towards a new model of European Union–Turkey relations?’. Turkish Studies, 21 (2): 254-273.
  • Constitutional Rights Foundation. (2018). ‘The Marshall Plan for Rebuilding Western Europe’. http:// www.crf-usa.org/images/pdf/gates/Marshall_Plan.pdf, [Accessed: 13.05.2018]
  • Council of European Union. (2018). ‘The Rome Declaration’. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/ press-releases/2017/03/25/rome-declaration/, [Accessed: 12.05.2018]
  • Council on Foreign Relations. (2018). ‘European Unıon: The French & Dutch Referendums’. https://www. cfr.org/backgrounder/european-union-french-dutch-referendums, [Accessed: 13.05.2018]
  • Cvce. (2018). ‘The Tindemans Report’. https://www.cvce.eu/en/education/unit content/-/unit/02bb76dfd066-4c08-a58a-d4686a3e68ff/63f5fca7-54ec-4792-8723-1e626324f9e3, [Accessed:11.05.2018]
  • Eren, Tevfik Mesut. (2014). ‘Avrupa Birliği’nin Genişleme Politikasi Ve Yumuşak Gücünün Geleceği’. Trakya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16 (1): 359-374.
  • Erhan, Çağrı ve Akdemir, Erhan. (2016). ‘Türkiye – Avrupa Birliği Müzakere Sürecinde İlk On Yılın Muhasebesi (2005-2015)’. Bilig, (78): 1-30.
  • Euronews. (2018). ‘Polonya Çok Vitesli Avrupa Önerisine Karşı Çıkıyor’. http://tr.euronews.com/2017/03/10/polonya-cok-vitesli-avrupa-onerisine-karsi-cikiyor, [Accessed: 09.05.2018]
  • European Commission. (2018a). ‘Economic Crisis in Europe: Causes, Consequences and Responses’. http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/pages/publication15887_en.pdf, [Accessed:14.05.2018]
  • European Commission. (2018b). ‘Reflection Paper On The Social Dimension Of Europe’. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/reflection-paper-social-dimension-europe_en.pdf, [Accessed:13.05.2018]
  • Eylemler, Sedef. (2015). ‘Revisiting the Debates on a Model of Integration for Post-Crisis Europe: Towards A Political Union or Just More Differentiation?’. Perceptions, 20 (4):11-36.
  • Giardoni, Guia, D’Odorico, Marina and Carrillo, Daniela. (2015). King Knowledge for Integration Governance Evidence on migrants’ integration in Europe, Milan: Fondazione ISMU.
  • Haferlacha, Lisa, Tekin, Funda and Wódka, Jakub. (2018). ‘Friends. Foes. Frenemies? Unpacking the future of EU-Turkey relations’. Futures, (97): 53-62.
  • Hürsoy, Siret. (2017). ‘On the edge of the EU: Turkey’s choice between ‘privileged partnership’ and nonaccession’. Asia Europe Journal, (15): 319–339
  • Kahraman, Sevilay. (1997). ‘The European Union and the Challenge of Enlargement’. Marmara Journal of European Studies, 5 (2): 147-178.
  • Karahan, Hatice ve Özsöz, Melih. (2017). ‘Ekonomi Perspektifinden AB’de Paradigma Değişikliği’. SETA Analiz, 206, İstanbul: SETA.
  • Kaveshnikov, Nikolay. (2018). ‘Differentiated Integration as a Trend of Future Development of the European Union’. http://paperroom.ipsa.org/papers/paper_14966.pdf, [Accessed: 13.05.2018]
  • Kuneralp, Selim. (2018). ‘Turkey-EU Relations: Past, Present – and Future?’. https://eu.boell.org/en/2017/05/02/turkey-eu-relations-past-present-and-future, [13.05.2018]
  • Kutlay, Mustafa. (2011). ‘Krizdeki Birlik: Euro Bölgesinin Borç Sarmalı ve AB’nin Geleceği’. USAK Raporları, 11:1-45.
  • Larsen, Henrik. (2010). ‘The Challenges of European Enlargement Implications for the political system of the EU’. ECTS, 10: 1-10.
  • Leal-Arcas, Rafael. (2007). ‘The Resumption of the Doha Round and the Future of Services Trade’. Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review, 29: 338-461.
  • Müftüler-Baç, Meltem. (2017). ‘Turkey’s future with the European Union: an alternative model of differentiated integration’. Turkish Studies Volume, 18 (3): 416-438.
  • Müftüler-Baç, Meltem. (2018). ‘Remolding the Turkey-EU Relationship’. Turkish Policy Quaerterly, 17 (1): 119-128.
  • Oğurlu, Ebru. (2018). ‘The Future Scenarios of the European Union in the shadow of ongoing crises’. (in: Ovgü Kalkan Küçüksolak and Abdullah Muhsin Yıldız-Ed., Current Debates in International Relations and Law, London: IJOPEC Publication, pp. 73-86.)
  • Oner, Selcen. (2016). ‘The Influence of the Economic Crisis and Refugee Crisis on EU Politics: The Challenges and Prospects for Turkey-EU Relations’. Marmara Journal of European Studies, 24 (2): 59-85.
  • Oniş, Ziya ve Kutlay, Mustafa. (2012). ‘Ekonomik Bütünleşme/Siyasal Parçalanmışlık Paradoksu: Avro Krizi ve Avrupa Birliği’nin Geleceği’. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 9 (33): 3-22.
  • Ozdemir, Haluk. (2012). Avrupa Mantığı: Avrupa Bütünleşmesinin Teori ve Dinamikleri, İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  • Soyaltın, Diğdem. (2015). ‘Avrupa’ da Birlik ve Bütünleşme Hareketlerinin Tarihi ve Kuramsal Arka Planı’. (in: Cengiz Dinç- Ed., Avrupa ve Avrupa Birliği: Teori, Güncel İç Gelişmeler ve Dış İlişkiler, Ankara: Savaş Kitap, pp. 11-34).
  • Stubb, Alexander. (1996). ‘A Categorization of Differentiated Integration’. Journal of Common Market Studies, 34 (2): 283-295.
  • Sungur, Onur, Keskini Hidayet and Dulupçu, Murat. (2013). ‘Adaptatıon Of Turkey’s Regıonal Polıcıes To The Eu Acquıs: An Evaluatıon Through Progress Reports (1998-2012)’. Marmara Journal of European Studies, 21 (2): 165-193.
  • Roberts, Aline. (2018). ‘Big four’ call for new European dynamic, multi-speed EU’. https://www.euractiv.com/section/future-eu/news/big-four-call-for-new-european-dynamic-multi-speed-eu/, [Accessed:10.05.2018]
  • Tekin, Funda. (2017). ‘Differentiated Integration’. http://iep-berlin.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Funda- Tekin-Differentiated-Integration-Online-Paper2017.pdf, [Accessed: 07.05.2020]
  • Ulger, Irfan Kaya. (2014). ‘Avrupa Birliği’nde Fetret Devri ve Gelecek Senaryoları’. Bilge Strateji, 6 (11):107-131.
  • Zervakis, Peter. (2018). ‘Differentiated Integration: An Alternative Path to Classical Integration?’. http:// www.thefederalist.eu/site/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=504&lang=en, [Accessed: 14.05.2018]

TURKEY’S MEMBERSHIP PROCESS IN A MULTI-SPEED EUROPEAN UNION

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 13 - 22, 25.06.2020

Abstract

The European Union, established after World War II, has strengthened the revival of Europe, which has suffered greatly due to the war in many areas, including economic, political and socio-cultural. At the same time, the European Union overtook the conflicts between states. The European Union, which has occasionally passed through major breaks since its foundation, has recently begun to evolve into a new structure called multispeed Europe. On the 60th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Rome, the member states, for the first time, have mentioned this new structure in an official publication. This structure has led to disagreements 13 among EU member states. On the other hand, it is also a matter of curiosity how the candidate countries will follow once this structure is created. This study assesses the potential effects of a multi-speed European Union on Turkey-EU relations. In addition, it tries to evaluate whether the EU’s new structure will be an advantage for Turkey or not. In other words, this study aims to explore the possibility of Turkey’s EU full membership in the EU’s new model.

References

  • Akgul-Acıkmeşe, Sinem. (2004). ‘Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri Işığında Avrupa Bütünleşmesi’. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 1 (1): 1-32.
  • Arsava, Fusun. (2001). ‘Hangi Avrupa, Ne Kadar Esneklik?’. Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 1 (1): 33-44.
  • Atılgan, Canan and Kleın, Deborah. (2006). ‘EU Integration Models Beyond Full Membership’. Working Paper, (158): 1-18.
  • Aydın, Dilek. (2018). ‘Türkiye–AB İlişkilerinde Brüksel Gündemi’. http://www.gundem.be/tr/avrupa-birligi/ turkiye-ab-iliskilerinde-bruksel-gundemi, [Accessed: 10.05.2018]
  • Aydın-Duzgit, Senem and Kaliber, Alper. (2016). ‘Encounters with Europe in an Era of Domestic and International Turmoil: Is Turkey a De-Europeanising Candidate Country?’. South European Society and Politics, 21 (1): 1-14.
  • Baldwin, Richard E. (2018). ‘The Eastern enlargement of the European Union’. European Economic Review, 39: 474-481.
  • Bechev, Dimitar. (2012). ‘The Periphery Of The Periphery: The Western Balkans And The Euro Crisis’. ECFR, (60): 1-16.
  • Cianciara, Agnieszka K. and Szymański, Adam. (2020). ‘Differentiated integration: towards a new model of European Union–Turkey relations?’. Turkish Studies, 21 (2): 254-273.
  • Constitutional Rights Foundation. (2018). ‘The Marshall Plan for Rebuilding Western Europe’. http:// www.crf-usa.org/images/pdf/gates/Marshall_Plan.pdf, [Accessed: 13.05.2018]
  • Council of European Union. (2018). ‘The Rome Declaration’. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/ press-releases/2017/03/25/rome-declaration/, [Accessed: 12.05.2018]
  • Council on Foreign Relations. (2018). ‘European Unıon: The French & Dutch Referendums’. https://www. cfr.org/backgrounder/european-union-french-dutch-referendums, [Accessed: 13.05.2018]
  • Cvce. (2018). ‘The Tindemans Report’. https://www.cvce.eu/en/education/unit content/-/unit/02bb76dfd066-4c08-a58a-d4686a3e68ff/63f5fca7-54ec-4792-8723-1e626324f9e3, [Accessed:11.05.2018]
  • Eren, Tevfik Mesut. (2014). ‘Avrupa Birliği’nin Genişleme Politikasi Ve Yumuşak Gücünün Geleceği’. Trakya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16 (1): 359-374.
  • Erhan, Çağrı ve Akdemir, Erhan. (2016). ‘Türkiye – Avrupa Birliği Müzakere Sürecinde İlk On Yılın Muhasebesi (2005-2015)’. Bilig, (78): 1-30.
  • Euronews. (2018). ‘Polonya Çok Vitesli Avrupa Önerisine Karşı Çıkıyor’. http://tr.euronews.com/2017/03/10/polonya-cok-vitesli-avrupa-onerisine-karsi-cikiyor, [Accessed: 09.05.2018]
  • European Commission. (2018a). ‘Economic Crisis in Europe: Causes, Consequences and Responses’. http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/pages/publication15887_en.pdf, [Accessed:14.05.2018]
  • European Commission. (2018b). ‘Reflection Paper On The Social Dimension Of Europe’. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/reflection-paper-social-dimension-europe_en.pdf, [Accessed:13.05.2018]
  • Eylemler, Sedef. (2015). ‘Revisiting the Debates on a Model of Integration for Post-Crisis Europe: Towards A Political Union or Just More Differentiation?’. Perceptions, 20 (4):11-36.
  • Giardoni, Guia, D’Odorico, Marina and Carrillo, Daniela. (2015). King Knowledge for Integration Governance Evidence on migrants’ integration in Europe, Milan: Fondazione ISMU.
  • Haferlacha, Lisa, Tekin, Funda and Wódka, Jakub. (2018). ‘Friends. Foes. Frenemies? Unpacking the future of EU-Turkey relations’. Futures, (97): 53-62.
  • Hürsoy, Siret. (2017). ‘On the edge of the EU: Turkey’s choice between ‘privileged partnership’ and nonaccession’. Asia Europe Journal, (15): 319–339
  • Kahraman, Sevilay. (1997). ‘The European Union and the Challenge of Enlargement’. Marmara Journal of European Studies, 5 (2): 147-178.
  • Karahan, Hatice ve Özsöz, Melih. (2017). ‘Ekonomi Perspektifinden AB’de Paradigma Değişikliği’. SETA Analiz, 206, İstanbul: SETA.
  • Kaveshnikov, Nikolay. (2018). ‘Differentiated Integration as a Trend of Future Development of the European Union’. http://paperroom.ipsa.org/papers/paper_14966.pdf, [Accessed: 13.05.2018]
  • Kuneralp, Selim. (2018). ‘Turkey-EU Relations: Past, Present – and Future?’. https://eu.boell.org/en/2017/05/02/turkey-eu-relations-past-present-and-future, [13.05.2018]
  • Kutlay, Mustafa. (2011). ‘Krizdeki Birlik: Euro Bölgesinin Borç Sarmalı ve AB’nin Geleceği’. USAK Raporları, 11:1-45.
  • Larsen, Henrik. (2010). ‘The Challenges of European Enlargement Implications for the political system of the EU’. ECTS, 10: 1-10.
  • Leal-Arcas, Rafael. (2007). ‘The Resumption of the Doha Round and the Future of Services Trade’. Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review, 29: 338-461.
  • Müftüler-Baç, Meltem. (2017). ‘Turkey’s future with the European Union: an alternative model of differentiated integration’. Turkish Studies Volume, 18 (3): 416-438.
  • Müftüler-Baç, Meltem. (2018). ‘Remolding the Turkey-EU Relationship’. Turkish Policy Quaerterly, 17 (1): 119-128.
  • Oğurlu, Ebru. (2018). ‘The Future Scenarios of the European Union in the shadow of ongoing crises’. (in: Ovgü Kalkan Küçüksolak and Abdullah Muhsin Yıldız-Ed., Current Debates in International Relations and Law, London: IJOPEC Publication, pp. 73-86.)
  • Oner, Selcen. (2016). ‘The Influence of the Economic Crisis and Refugee Crisis on EU Politics: The Challenges and Prospects for Turkey-EU Relations’. Marmara Journal of European Studies, 24 (2): 59-85.
  • Oniş, Ziya ve Kutlay, Mustafa. (2012). ‘Ekonomik Bütünleşme/Siyasal Parçalanmışlık Paradoksu: Avro Krizi ve Avrupa Birliği’nin Geleceği’. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 9 (33): 3-22.
  • Ozdemir, Haluk. (2012). Avrupa Mantığı: Avrupa Bütünleşmesinin Teori ve Dinamikleri, İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  • Soyaltın, Diğdem. (2015). ‘Avrupa’ da Birlik ve Bütünleşme Hareketlerinin Tarihi ve Kuramsal Arka Planı’. (in: Cengiz Dinç- Ed., Avrupa ve Avrupa Birliği: Teori, Güncel İç Gelişmeler ve Dış İlişkiler, Ankara: Savaş Kitap, pp. 11-34).
  • Stubb, Alexander. (1996). ‘A Categorization of Differentiated Integration’. Journal of Common Market Studies, 34 (2): 283-295.
  • Sungur, Onur, Keskini Hidayet and Dulupçu, Murat. (2013). ‘Adaptatıon Of Turkey’s Regıonal Polıcıes To The Eu Acquıs: An Evaluatıon Through Progress Reports (1998-2012)’. Marmara Journal of European Studies, 21 (2): 165-193.
  • Roberts, Aline. (2018). ‘Big four’ call for new European dynamic, multi-speed EU’. https://www.euractiv.com/section/future-eu/news/big-four-call-for-new-european-dynamic-multi-speed-eu/, [Accessed:10.05.2018]
  • Tekin, Funda. (2017). ‘Differentiated Integration’. http://iep-berlin.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Funda- Tekin-Differentiated-Integration-Online-Paper2017.pdf, [Accessed: 07.05.2020]
  • Ulger, Irfan Kaya. (2014). ‘Avrupa Birliği’nde Fetret Devri ve Gelecek Senaryoları’. Bilge Strateji, 6 (11):107-131.
  • Zervakis, Peter. (2018). ‘Differentiated Integration: An Alternative Path to Classical Integration?’. http:// www.thefederalist.eu/site/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=504&lang=en, [Accessed: 14.05.2018]
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ekrem Yaşar Akçay 0000-0001-9157-6133

İdris Turan 0000-0002-8184-0110

Publication Date June 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akçay, E. Y., & Turan, İ. (2020). TURKEY’S MEMBERSHIP PROCESS IN A MULTI-SPEED EUROPEAN UNION. Aurum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 13-22.