Gebelikte Bacak Krampları ve Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu

Abstract

Gebelik dönemi boyunca kadın bedeninde pek çok fizyolojik değişiklik meydana gelmektedir. Bu değişikliklerle beraber yakınmalar da ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bacak krampları ve huzursuz bacak sendromu gebelikte sık görülen rahatsızlıklardandır. Bacak krampları, istemsiz ve ani bir şekilde ortaya çıkan, ağrılı kas kasılması ile karakterizedir. Genellikle gece görülen ve gebeliğin üçüncü trimesterinde daha fazla ortaya çıkan bu kramplar, gebelerin yaklaşık %30-50’sini etkilemektedir. Tıbbi öykü, fizik muayene ve laboratuvar taraması, kas kramplarının çeşitli nedenlerini saptamaya yardımcı olabilir. Bacak kramplarında non farmakolojik önerilerin yanı sıra farmakolojik tedavi de önerilebilir. Oral magnezyum, kalsiyum ve oral D vitamini kullanılarak bacak kramplarını önlemek mümkün olabilir. Huzursuz bacak sendromu ise, çoğunlukla gece uykusu veya dinlenme sırasında bacakları hareket ettirmek için güçlü, istemsiz bir dürtü ile karakterize edilen bir rahatsızlıktır. Huzursuz bacak sendromu, sensorimotor bir bozukluktur Üçüncü trimesterde görülme sıklığı artmakta olup, ülkemizde gebelikte prevalansı %15.4-61.2 arasında değişiklik göstermektedir. Huzursuz bacak sendromunun hafif formlarında non farmakolojik tedaviler yararlı olabilirken, orta ve şiddetli formlarında farmakolojik ajan olarak demir ilaçları, dopaminerjik ilaçlar, opioidler, antikonvülzanlar, benzodiazepinler ve östrojen kullanılabilmektedir. Ebeler ve sağlık profesyonelleri gebelikte meydana gelebilecek bacak krampları ve huzursuz bacak sendromu hakkında fikir sahibi olmalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı, gebelik sırasında görülen bacak krampları ve huzursuz bacak sendromu hakkında bilgi vermek ve tedavi yöntemleri hakkında güncel bilgi sağlamaktır.

Keywords

• Bacak krampları
• gebelik
• huzursuz bacak sendromu

Leg Cramps and Restless Leg Syndrome in Pregnancy

Abstract

During pregnancy, numerous physiological changes occur in a woman's body. Along with these changes, various complaints may also arise. Leg cramps and restless legs syndrome are common ailments during pregnancy. Leg cramps are characterized by painful muscle contractions that occur involuntarily and suddenly. These cramps, which are more frequently observed at night and become more prevalent during the third trimester of pregnancy, affect approximately 30-50% of pregnant women. Medical history, physical examination, and laboratory screening can help identify various causes of muscle cramps. In addition to non-pharmacological recommendations, pharmacological treatment can also be advised for leg cramps. The use of oral magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D supplements can potentially prevent leg cramps. Restless legs syndrome (RLS), on the other hand, is characterized by a strong, involuntary urge to move the legs, primarily occurring during nighttime sleep or rest. RLS is a sensorimotor disorder, and its prevalence increases during the third trimester, with rates ranging between 15.4% and 61.2% in Türkiye. While non-pharmacological treatments can be beneficial for mild forms of RLS, pharmacological agents such as iron supplements, dopaminergic drugs, opioids, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, and estrogen may be used for moderate to severe forms. Midwives and healthcare professionals should be informed about leg cramps and restless legs syndrome that may occur during pregnancy. This review aims to provide information on leg cramps and restless legs syndrome observed during pregnancy and to offer updated knowledge on treatment methods.

Keywords

• Leg cramps
• pregnancy
• restless legs syndrome

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