The Effect of Tumor Budding on Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral Cavity Cancers

Abstract

Objectives: Oral cavity cancers are the 6th most common cancer in the world and it is the 20th among cancer-related deaths and 16th among women. Tumor budding, which is a prognostic parameter that can be detected histopathologically and is associated with poor prognosis, is detected by a cheap and easy method. Tumor budding is defined as individual standing tumor cells or tumor clusters less than 5 tumor cells separated from the tumor mass at the periphery of the infiltrative area of the tumor and distributed to the surrounding stroma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between tumor budding and lymph node metastasis in oral cavity cancers. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who underwent neck lymph node dissection due to oral cavity cancer by ear, nose and throat and plastic surgery clinics in University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Antalya Training and Research Hospital were included in the study. Results: The histological type of 30 oral cavity cancer cases was reported as squamous cell carcinoma. Metastasis was not observed in 18 of 19 patients who had three or fewer buds, whereas one patient had metastasis. Eleven patients who had more than three buds had more metastases in the cervical lymph nodes. Conclusion: In early stage oral cavity cancers, tumor budding, lymphovascular invasion and poor prognostic parameters may be stimulant as a histopathological parameter. In our study, it was found that high budding was associated with more lymph node metastasis and this method did not include any cost. For this purpose, budding findings in pathology reports and follow-up of the cases in accordance with these findings may be a useful method for survival.

Keywords

• Oral Cavity Cancer
• Tumor Budding
• Lymphadenopathy
• Metastasis

Oral Kavite Kanserlerinde Tümör Tomurcuklanmasının Lenf Nodu Metastazı Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Oral kavite kanserleri dünyada en sık görülen 6. kanser olup, kanserle ilişkili ölümlerde erkekler arasında 20. sırada, kadınlar arasında ise 16. sırada yer almaktadır. Histopatolojik olarak tespit edilebilen ve kötü prognozla ilişkilendirilmiş prognostik bir parametre olan tümör tomurcuklanması ucuz ve kolay bir yöntemle saptanır. Tümör tomurcuklanması, tümörün infiltratif alanının en periferinde tümör kitlesinden ayrılarak çevre stromaya dağılan, tek tek duran tümör hücreleri ya da 5 tümör hücresinden az tümör kümesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, oral kavite kanserlerinde tümör tomurcuklanmasıyla lenf nodu metastaz ilişkisini araştırmayı planladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde kulak burun boğaz ve plastik cerrahi tarafından oral kavite kanseri nedeniyle boyuna lenf nodu diseksiyonu yapılan 30 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular: Otuz oral kavite kanserli olgunun histolojik tipi yassı epitel hücreli karsinom olarak rapor edilmiştir. Üç ve daha az tomurcuk yapan 19 olgunun 18’inde metastaz izlenmezken, 1 olguda metastaz görülmüştür. Üçten fazla tomurcuk yapan 11 olguda servikal lenf nodlarında fazla sayıda metastaz görülmüştür. Sonuç: Erken evre oral kavite kanserlerinde histopatolojik yöntemle saptanabilen bir parametre olarak tümör tomurcuklanması, lenfovasküler invazyon ve kötü prognostik parametre olarak uyarıcı olabilir. Çalışmamızda yüksek düzeyde tomurcuklanmanın daha fazla lenf nodu metastazı ile ilişkili olduğu saptanmış olup, bu yöntem herhangi bir maliyet içermemektedir. Bu amaçla patoloji raporlarına tomurcuklanma bulgularının eklenmesi ve olguların takibinin bu bulgular doğrultusunda yapılması sağkalım açısından faydalı olabilecek bir yöntem olabilir.

Keywords

• Oral Kavite Kanseri
• Tümör Tomurcuklanması
• Lenfadenopati
• Metastaz

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