Koroner Arter Multi-dedektör Anjiyografi : Ínvaziv Koroner Anjiyografi ile Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Purpose: We aimed to determine the potential and accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography with an eight-row scanner in the evaluation of coronary artery disease, and find the best reconstruction percentiles for motion free evaluation of each coronary artery according to the phase of the cardiac cycle. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients, 19 females and 32 males, aged between 39 and 80 years (mean, 55.6 ± 9.6 years) with suspected coronary artery disease were included in the study between December 2003 and July 2005. Examinations were performed using an MDCT scanner with eight detector rows (Light Speed, General Electric, Wisconsin, USA) after the intravenous injection of 120-140 cc of 400 mg I/ml non-ionic contrast media (Iomeron, Bracco, Italy) at 5 ml/sec. Reconstructed images were created from the source images using retrospective ECG gating between the 30th and 80th percentiles of the cardiac cycle. The best phases of the cardiac cycle that allowed optimal imaging of the main coronary arteries were investigated. The lengths of the main coronary arteries that could be evaluated free from artifacts were measured. Findings of MDCT examination were compared with catheter angiography in 14 patients. Results: Stenoses exceeding 50% of the luminal diameter were found with MDCT in seven of 14 patients. In four patients findings of both methods were concordant (true positives). However, catheter angiography was normal in three patients with significant stenosis on MDCT (false positives). Both methods were negative for significant stenosis in the remaining seven cases (true negatives). On a per-patient basis, sensitivity of MDCT was 100%, but the specificity was 70%. There was a medium degree of correlation between both methods (kappa coefficient 0.571). On a per-lesion basis, stenosis of 50% and higher was found on MDCT in 13 segments. Seven of these were confirmed on conventional angiography. There were six false positive and four false negative results. On a per-lesion basis, the sensitivity of MDCT was 63% and the specificity was 53%. It was possible to image the left main artery in all reconstruction sets without artifacts. The left anterior descending artery was best seen in the 70th percentile of the cardiac cycle. The right coronary artery was best seen in the 50th percentile and the left circumflex artery was best seen in the 40th percentile. The average lengths of the main coronary arteries that could be evaluated were found to be 11.14 ± 2.81 mm for the left main artery, 108 ± 18.99 mm for the left anterior descending artery, 68.02 ± 17.26 mm for the left circumflex artery and 105.45 ± 25.68 mm for the right coronary artery. Ratios of the artefact free lengths were 84.06 ± 16.74% for the left anterior descending artery, 75.31 ± 20.48% for the right coronary artery and 68.02 ± 17.26% for the left circumflex artery. Conclusion: Coronary angiography performed using MDCT systems with eight detector rows do not have the potential of replacing conventional coronary angiography. They are not satisfactory in complete and artefact-free imaging of the coronary arteries because of low temporal resolution. Therefore they cannot reliably detect and exclude significant coronary stenosis.

Keywords

• Angiography
• atherosclerosis
• computed tomography
• coronary arteries
• stenosis

Koroner Arter Multi-dedektör BT Anjiyografi: İnvaziv Koroner Anjiyografi ile Karșılaștırılması

Abstract

Amaç: Sekiz kanallı multidedektör BT (MDBT) koroner anjiyografi tetkikinin koroner arter hastalığının değerlendirilmesindeki potansiyelinin ve doğruluk oranının tespit edilmesi ve koroner arterlerin kardiyak siklusun fazlarına göre optimal değerlendirildiği persentilleri ve artefaktsız görüntülenme oranlarını bulmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Aralık 2003–Temmuz 2005 tarihleri arasında koroner arter hastalığı șüphesi nedeniyle tetkik edilen, yașları 39 ile 80 arasında değișen (ortalama 55.6±9.6) 19’u kadın, 32’si erkek toplam 51 olgu çalıșmaya dahil edildi. İnceleme 8 dedektörlü MDBT cihazı (Light Speed, General Electric, Wisconsin, ABD) kullanılarak gerçekleștirildi. Bir mililitrede 400 mg iyot içeren non-iyonik kontrast madde (Iomeron, Bracco, İtalya) 120-140 cc miktarında, otomatik enjektör sistemi kullanılarak 5 ml/sn hızıyla enjekte edildi. Elde edilen ham görüntülerden, kardiyak siklusun %30-%80’lik diliminde, retrospektif EKG “gating” yöntemi kullanılarak rekonstrükte imajlar olușturuldu. Ana koroner arterlerin kardiyak siklusun hangi dönemlerinde optimal göruntülenebildiği araștırıldı. Koroner arterlerin görüntülenebilen ve artefakttan bağımsız izlenebilen uzunlukları ölçüldü. Konvansiyonel grafi ile tetkik edilen 14 olguda stenoz ve olgu bazında MDBT’nin spesifisite ve sensitivite değerlerine bakıldı. Bulgular: Konvansiyonel grafi ile tetkik edilen 14 olgunun 7’sinde MDBT’de değișik düzeylerde %50 ve üstü darlık saptandı. Bu olguların 4’ünde bulgular konvansiyonel grafi ile uyumlu bulunurken MDBT’de anlamlı darlık saptanan 3 olguda ise konvansiyonel anjiyografide anlamlı darlık izlenmedi. Diğer 7 olguda ise hem anjiyografi hem de MDBT’de %50 ve üstü stenoz saptanmadı (hasta bazında spesifisite %70, sensitivite %100). Söz konusu iki yöntem arasında orta derecede uyum saptandı (kappa=0.571). MDBT’de 13 segmentte %50 ve üstü darlık kaydedildi. Konvansiyonel anjiyografide bunların 7’si uyumlu bulundu. Altı segmentte MDBT’de yanlıș pozitif, 4 segmentte yanlıș negatif sonuç bulundu (stenoz bazında spesifisite %53, sensitivite %63). Çalıșmada sol ana koroner arter tüm rekonstrüksiyon setlerinde artefaktsız olarak görüntülenebilmiștir. Sol ön inen arterin kardiyak siklusun %70, sağ koroner arterin %50 ve sol sirkumfleks arterin ise %40’lık diliminde en iyi görüldüğü kaydedilmiștir. Bu çalıșmada ana koroner arterlerin görüntülenebilen ortalama uzunlukları sol ana koroner arter 11.14±2.81 mm, sol ön inen arter 108.5±18.99 mm, sol sirkumfleks arter 68.02±17.26 mm, sağ koroner arter 105.45±25.68 mm bulunmuștur. Sol ana koroner arter dıșındaki ana koroner arterlerin artefaktsız görüntülenme oranları sol ön inen arter için %84.06±16.74, sağ koroner arter için %75.31±20.48, sol sirkumfleks arter için %68.02±17.26 bulunmuștur. Sonuç: Sekiz kanallı MDBT sistemleriyle yapılan koroner anjiyografi, koroner arterlerde konvansiyonel koroner anjiyografinin yerini alabilecek potansiyele sahip değildir. Sekiz kanallı BT sistemleri düșük temporal çözünürlüğe bağlı olarak arterlerin tam olarak hareketsiz görüntülenmeleri için yeterli olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle koroner stenozların saptanması ve dıșlanması amacıyla koroner anjiyografinin yerini almaktan uzaktır.

Keywords

• Anjiyografi
• ateroskleroz
• bilgisayarlı tomografi
• koroner arterler
• stenoz

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