Review

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages

Volume: 23 Number: 2 June 30, 1970
Zeki Candar
EN TR

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages

Abstract

This comprehensive review addresses the diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhages originating from lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (above the ligament of Treitz) and lower gastrointestinal bleeding (below it) are discussed separately, covering clinical presentations, diagnostic methods—including selective arteriography, radioisotopic techniques, and endoscopy—and therapeutic options ranging from conservative management to surgical intervention. The article emphasizes individualized treatment based on bleeding severity (massive vs. occult), source identification, and patient stability, including innovative modalities such as gastric hypothermia. Extensive literature is cited to compare surgical approaches including vagotomy, pyloroplasty, subtotal and total gastrectomy, and colectomy.

Keywords

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Upper GI bleeding, Lower GI bleeding, Peptic ulcer, Surgical treatment

References

  1. 1 - Akin, J. M. ve Sullivan, B. M.: Pyloroplasty and Vagotomy: Compromise Procedure for Control Acute Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage. Surgery. 54: 587, 1963.
  2. 2 - Albo, J. R., Grimes, O. F., ve Dumphy, J. E.: Management of Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage. Am. J. Surg. 112: 264.
  3. 3 - Ariel, L. M.: The Site of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Detection by Radioactive-tagged Red Blood Cells. JAMA. 180: 212, 1962.
  4. 4 - Barker, C. F., Nance, F. C., Nelson, H. M., Peskin, G. W. ve Fitts, W. T. Jr.: Local Hypothermia for Control of Bleeding in Large Bowel and Measurements of Inferior Mesenteric Blood Flow, during Colonic Cooling. Am. J. Surg. 109: 84, 1965.
  5. 5 - Barlett, M. K. ve Ottinger, L. W.: Vagotomy in Bleeding Gastritis. Surg. Clin. North America. 46: 613, 1966.
  6. 6 - Baum, S., Nusbaum, M., Blakemore, W. S. ve Finkelstein, A. K.: Preoperative Radiographic Demonstration of Intra-abdominal Bleeding from Undetermined Sites by Percutaneous Selective Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Arteriography. Surgery. 58: 797, 1965.
  7. 7 - Beil, A. R. Jr., Mannix, H. ve Beal, J. M.: Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage after Operation. Am. J. Surg. 108: 324, 1964.
  8. 8 - Bowers, R. F.: Blind Gastric Resection in Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: Accomplishments. Arch. Surg. 85: 470, 1962.
  9. 9 - Cohn, B. D. ve Wilmit, S. T.: Massive Bleeding from Duodenal Ulcer in the Newborn—Gastric Resection with Survival. Surgery. 53: 806, 1963.
  10. 10 - Dollinger, M. R. ve Morgan, L. R.: Local Cooling in the Management of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Am. J. Surg. 111: 651, 1966.
APA
Candar, Z. (1970). Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 23(2), 583-598. https://izlik.org/JA43KE28HK
AMA
1.Candar Z. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 1970;23(2):583-598. https://izlik.org/JA43KE28HK
Chicago
Candar, Zeki. 1970. “Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 23 (2): 583-98. https://izlik.org/JA43KE28HK.
EndNote
Candar Z (June 1, 1970) Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 23 2 583–598.
IEEE
[1]Z. Candar, “Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 583–598, June 1970, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA43KE28HK
ISNAD
Candar, Zeki. “Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 23/2 (June 1, 1970): 583-598. https://izlik.org/JA43KE28HK.
JAMA
1.Candar Z. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 1970;23:583–598.
MLA
Candar, Zeki. “Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 23, no. 2, June 1970, pp. 583-98, https://izlik.org/JA43KE28HK.
Vancouver
1.Zeki Candar. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası [Internet]. 1970 Jun. 1;23(2):583-98. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA43KE28HK