Rhinosporidiosis
Abstract
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic fungal disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, primarily affecting mucous membranes of the nose, eyes, and occasionally other organs like the genitals and ears. Although it is rare globally, the condition is endemic in parts of India, Sri Lanka, Africa, and increasing in Iran. The disease typically presents with nasal polyps that resemble pedunculated masses but differ histologically. Transmission is suspected through contact with stagnant water or contaminated soil, particularly via mucosal abrasions. The pathogen develops through sporangia containing numerous spores, exhibiting various stages of maturation under microscopic analysis. Symptoms include nasal obstruction, recurrent epistaxis, and visible vascularized masses. Histological findings show epithelial hyperplasia, mucosal ulceration, and inflammatory reactions with macrophagic and follicular formations. Diagnosis is confirmed through biopsy, and treatment consists of surgical excision followed by electrocoagulation to prevent recurrence. Experimental inoculation attempts in animals have largely failed. The condition shows higher prevalence in males and may persist undetected for years.
Keywords
rhinosporidiosis, Rhinosporidium seeberi, nasal polyps, sporangia, mucosal infection, endemic fungi
References
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