Pankreasın Karaciğer Karbonhidrat Metabolizmasına Tesiri

Year 1959, Volume: 12 Issue: 3-4, 92 - 106, 31.12.1959

Tokay Bercin

https://izlik.org/JA84NT42YP

Abstract

This translated article examines the endocrine and exocrine impacts of the pancreas on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. Despite expectations, pancreatic enzymes (e.g. amylase) show minimal influence on sugar absorption, while hormonal regulation, particularly by glucagon and insulin, plays a central role. Glucagon, produced by α-cells of the islets of Langerhans, acts on the liver by activating phosphorylase and phosphokinase systems, leading to glycogen breakdown and rapid glucose release. Its mechanism—independent of muscle metabolism—is illustrated using enzymatic flow charts.

Contrary to early views suggesting glucagon as a direct diabetogenic factor, the paper clarifies its role as an insulin antagonist only in hepatic glycogenesis inhibition and explores its therapeutic use in coma reversal and appetite suppression. The authors also emphasize insulin’s delayed biochemical impact on diabetic liver tissue, discussing challenges in in vitro demonstration of hepatic insulin activity. Recent research from Munich, including experiments on hepatic enzyme pathways using fructose and glucose tracers, reveals insulin’s capacity to reverse metabolic blocks in diabetic livers, notably at the triose-phosphate dehydrogenase stage.

The paper features enzymatic flowcharts and concludes by advocating further biochemical investigation into insulin’s direct hepatic action, challenging older models that undervalue its intrahepatic efficacy.

Keywords

Pancreas , Liver metabolism , Insulin , Glucagon , Glycogen

Effects of Pancreas on Liver Carbohydrate Metabolism

https://izlik.org/JA84NT42YP

Abstract

Bu tercüme makale, pankreasın endokrin ve ekzokrin fonksiyonlarının karaciğer karbonhidrat metabolizması üzerindeki etkisini ele almaktadır. Diyastaz gibi pankreas fermentlerinin şeker rezorpsiyonuna sınırlı etkisi vurgulanırken, esas düzenleyici hormonlar olan glukagon ve insulin’in etkisi detaylandırılmıştır. Glukagon, α hücrelerinde sentezlenip karaciğerde fosforilaz aktivasyonu ile glikojen parçalanması sağlar ve kana hızlı glikoz geçişi temin eder. Kas fosforilazını etkilemez; yalnızca karaciğerde etkilidir.

Diyabetik metabolizmada glukagon’un etkisi geçmişte diyabetojen olarak değerlendirilse de, bu çalışma glukagonun yalnızca glikojen sentezinin inhibisyonuna karşılık geldiğini ve insuline antagonist olduğunu belirtmektedir. Aynı zamanda terapötik uygulamalarda komayı düzeltici ve iştah bastırıcı etkileriyle dikkat çeker. Insulin’in karaciğer üzerindeki etkisinin biyoşimik olarak hemen gösterilememesi sorunu da ele alınmakta, Münih’teki yeni çalışmalarla triozfosfatdehidrogenaz aşamasındaki blokajların insulinle çözülebildiği ortaya konmaktadır.

Makale, enzim yollarına dair şemalarla desteklenmiş olup, insulin’in doğrudan karaciğer metabolizmasına etkisini daha derin biyokimyasal yöntemlerle araştırmanın gereğini savunmaktadır.

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