Abstract
Thiazide Derivatives and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors This seminar outlines the discovery, characteristics, and physiological roles of carbonic anhydrase and its pharmacological inhibitors. Carbonic anhydrase—a zinc-containing protein—is present in erythrocytes, kidney tubules, gastric mucosa, and brain cells, facilitating CO₂ conversion and pH regulation. Acetazolamide and thiazide derivatives act as diuretics by inhibiting sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption at various nephron sites. Acetazolamide has marked effects on acid-base balance and mild metabolic effects (e.g., hyperuricemia), while thiazides exhibit complex diuretic mechanisms, impact electrolyte excretion, and influence blood pressure by reducing plasma volume and vascular resistance. Their antidiuretic effect in diabetes insipidus, influence on uric acid and pyruvic acid metabolism, and potential side effects such as hypokalemia, paresthesia, photosensitivity, and pancreatic toxicity are discussed. Thiazides also demonstrate hypotensive properties and applications in eye disease (e.g., glaucoma), epilepsy, and intoxication management.
References
- 1 - ABERHALDEN, R.: Clinical Enzymology. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1961.
- 2 - ARONOFF, A.: Acute Gouty Arthritis Induced by Chlorothiazide, N. Engl. J. Med., 1960.
- 3 - ATKINSON, M.: Effect of Diuretics on Portal Venous Pressure, Lancet, 1959.
- 4 - AYVAZIAN, J.H. et al.: Hyperuricemia Induced by Hydrochlorothiazide and Acetazolamide, J. Clin. Invest., 1961.
- 5 - BAER, J.J. et al.: Effect of Hydrochlorothiazide on Renal Electrolyte Gradient, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1962.
- 6 - BAR, DENISE: Inhibiteurs De L'anhydrase Carbonique, Actua Pharmacol., 1963.
- 7 - BEYER, K.H.: Physiological Basis for New Diuretics, Pharmacol. Rev., 1961.
- 8 - BRUSILOW, S.W. et al.: Acetazolamide and Dog Parotid Saliva, Amer. J. Physiol., 1962.
- 9 - BYERS, F.M. Jr. et al.: Acetazolamide Effects on Gastric Acid Secretion, Amer. J. Physiol., 1962.
- 10 - CAFRUNY, E.J. et al.: Benzothiadiazine Diuresis, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1962.
- 11 - CALESNICK, B. et al.: Hydrochlorothiazide in Diabetes Insipidus, JAMA, 1961.
- 12 - CHASE, P.H. et al.: Chlorothiazide and Pyruvic Acid, Metabolism, 1961.
- 13 - CHREIN, M.B. et al.: Agranulocytosis from Hydrochlorothiazide, JAMA, 1962.
- 14 - CHRISTENSEN, P.J.: Dichlorphenamide in Emphysema, Lancet, 1962.
- 15 - COHEN, T.: Hypokalemic Paralysis from Chlorothiazide, JAMA, 1959.
Abstract
Thiazide Derivatives and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors This seminar outlines the discovery, characteristics, and physiological roles of carbonic anhydrase and its pharmacological inhibitors. Carbonic anhydrase—a zinc-containing protein—is present in erythrocytes, kidney tubules, gastric mucosa, and brain cells, facilitating CO₂ conversion and pH regulation. Acetazolamide and thiazide derivatives act as diuretics by inhibiting sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption at various nephron sites. Acetazolamide has marked effects on acid-base balance and mild metabolic effects (e.g., hyperuricemia), while thiazides exhibit complex diuretic mechanisms, impact electrolyte excretion, and influence blood pressure by reducing plasma volume and vascular resistance. Their antidiuretic effect in diabetes insipidus, influence on uric acid and pyruvic acid metabolism, and potential side effects such as hypokalemia, paresthesia, photosensitivity, and pancreatic toxicity are discussed. Thiazides also demonstrate hypotensive properties and applications in eye disease (e.g., glaucoma), epilepsy, and intoxication management.
References
- 1 - ABERHALDEN, R.: Clinical Enzymology. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1961.
- 2 - ARONOFF, A.: Acute Gouty Arthritis Induced by Chlorothiazide, N. Engl. J. Med., 1960.
- 3 - ATKINSON, M.: Effect of Diuretics on Portal Venous Pressure, Lancet, 1959.
- 4 - AYVAZIAN, J.H. et al.: Hyperuricemia Induced by Hydrochlorothiazide and Acetazolamide, J. Clin. Invest., 1961.
- 5 - BAER, J.J. et al.: Effect of Hydrochlorothiazide on Renal Electrolyte Gradient, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1962.
- 6 - BAR, DENISE: Inhibiteurs De L'anhydrase Carbonique, Actua Pharmacol., 1963.
- 7 - BEYER, K.H.: Physiological Basis for New Diuretics, Pharmacol. Rev., 1961.
- 8 - BRUSILOW, S.W. et al.: Acetazolamide and Dog Parotid Saliva, Amer. J. Physiol., 1962.
- 9 - BYERS, F.M. Jr. et al.: Acetazolamide Effects on Gastric Acid Secretion, Amer. J. Physiol., 1962.
- 10 - CAFRUNY, E.J. et al.: Benzothiadiazine Diuresis, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1962.
- 11 - CALESNICK, B. et al.: Hydrochlorothiazide in Diabetes Insipidus, JAMA, 1961.
- 12 - CHASE, P.H. et al.: Chlorothiazide and Pyruvic Acid, Metabolism, 1961.
- 13 - CHREIN, M.B. et al.: Agranulocytosis from Hydrochlorothiazide, JAMA, 1962.
- 14 - CHRISTENSEN, P.J.: Dichlorphenamide in Emphysema, Lancet, 1962.
- 15 - COHEN, T.: Hypokalemic Paralysis from Chlorothiazide, JAMA, 1959.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Basic Pharmacology |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 30, 1963 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA98XK53DT |
| Published in Issue | Year 1963 Volume: 16 Issue: 3 |