Research Article
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Akut Pankreatitin Yaşlı Hastalarda Sistemik Komplikasyonlar ve Komorbiditeler Üzerindeki Etkisi

Year 2026, Volume: 79 Issue: 1, 108 - 117, 27.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1876247
https://izlik.org/JA59SK29XD

Abstract

Arkaplan: Akut pankreatit (AP), hafif inflamasyondan çoklu organ yetmezliği ile seyreden ağır formlara kadar geniş bir klinik spektrumda görülebilen bir hastalıktır ve anlamlı morbidite ve mortalite oranları ile ilişkilidir. İleri yaşlı bireyler, azalmış fizyolojik rezerv ve birden fazla komorbiditenin varlığı nedeniyle özellikle savunmasızdır. Bu çalışmada, yaşın akut pankreatitli hastalarda komorbiditeler ve klinik sonuçlar üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Amaç :Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, akut pankreatit tanısı alan 65 yaş ve üzerindeki bireylerde sistemik komplikasyonlar ve mortaliteye katkıda bulunan risk faktörlerini belirlemektir. Ayrıca, yaygın olarak kullanılan klinik hastalık şiddeti skorlama sistemlerinin farklı yaş gruplarındaki etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif kohort çalışmasında, Ocak 2023 ile Mayıs 2025 tarihleri arasında akut pankreatit tanısıyla başvuran 401 hasta değerlendirildi. Katılımcılar başlangıçta 65 yaş altı ve 65 yaş ve üzeri olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı; yaşlı popülasyon içinde ek yaşa göre alt grup analizleri gerçekleştirildi. Klinik, laboratuvar ve demografik değişkenler sistematik olarak değerlendirildi ve karşılaştırıldı. Sistemik komplikasyonlar, lokal komplikasyonlar ve hastane içi mortalitenin bağımsız belirleyicilerini saptamak amacıyla çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizleri uygulandı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 401 hastanın %50,1’i 65 yaş ve üzerindeydi. Diyabetes mellitus (%32,3’e karşı %9,0), hipertansiyon (%75,1’e karşı %15,5) ve koroner arter hastalığı (%34,8’e karşı %5,5) gibi komorbiditeler yaşlı hastalarda anlamlı derecede daha sık görüldü (tüm p < 0,05). Sistemik komplikasyonlar yaşlı hastalarda daha sık izlenirken (%39,3’e karşı %25,5; p = 0,003), lokal komplikasyonlar (%23,5’e karşı %17,4) ve hastane içi mortalite (%6,0’a karşı %7,5) açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı (her iki karşılaştırma için p > 0,05). Çok değişkenli analizde, ≥65 yaş (aOR = 1,96; %95 GA: 1,20–3,18) ve diyabet varlığı (aOR = 2,48; %95 GA: 1,47–4,21) sistemik komplikasyonlar için bağımsız belirleyiciler olarak belirlendi. Hastane içi mortalite açısından ise sistemik komplikasyonlar (aOR = 2,68; %95 GA: 1,07–6,69) ve düşük serum albümin düzeyleri (g/dL başına aOR = 0,43; %95 GA: 0,19–0,96) anlamlı risk faktörleri olarak saptandı. Mevcut hastalık şiddeti skorlarının mortalite ve komplikasyonları öngörmedeki performansının yaşlı hastalarda sınırlı olduğu görüldü (AUC < 0,80).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, yaşlı hastalarda akut pankreatit yönetiminin yalnızca yaş temelinde değil, komorbiditeler ve klinik bulgular dikkate alınarak planlanması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, mevcut risk skorlama sistemlerinin yaşlı hasta grubuna uygunluğu yeniden değerlendirilmelidir. Bu özel hasta grubu için hastalık şiddetini daha doğru yansıtan yeni skorlama modellerine ihtiyaç vardır.

Ethical Statement

Etik onay, Ankara Bilkent Şehir Hastanesi Etik Kurulu’ndan alınmıştır (Onay No: 1-25-1694).

Supporting Institution

YOK

References

  • Huang Y, Badurdeen DS. Acute Pancreatitis Review. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2023;34(8):795-801. doi:10.5152/tjg.2023.23175
  • Szatmary P, Grammatikopoulos T, Cai W, et al. Acute Pancreatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment. Drugs. 2022;82(12):1251-1276. doi:10.1007/s40265-022-01766-4
  • Márta K, Lazarescu AM, Farkas N, et al. Aging and Comorbidities in Acute Pancreatitis I: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Based on 194,702 Patients. Front Physiol. 2019;10:328. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00328
  • Gardner TB, Vege SS, Chari ST, et al. The effect of age on hospital outcomes in severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2008;8(3):265-270. doi:10.1159/000134274
  • Yu B, Li N, Li J, et al. The Clinical Characteristics of Acute Pancreatitis in Gerontal Patients: A Retrospective Study. Clin Interv Aging. 2020;15:1541-1553. Published 2020 Sep 4. doi:10.2147/CIA.S259920
  • Shen HN, Lu CL, Li CY. Effect of diabetes on severity and hospital mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis: a national population-based study. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(5):1061-1066. doi:10.2337/dc11-1925
  • Xu J, Xu M, Gao X, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Diabetes Mellitus on Moderately Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Severe Acute Pancreatitis. J Inflamm Res. 2024;17:6673-6690. Published 2024 Sep 23. doi:10.2147/JIR.S478983
  • Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, et al. Classification of acute pancreatitis-- 2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut. 2013;62(1):102-111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779
  • Al-Hadeedi S, Fan ST, Leaper D. APACHE-II score for assessment and monitoring of acute pancreatitis. Lancet. 1989;2(8665):738. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90795-2
  • Park JY, Jeon TJ, Ha TH, et al. Bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis: comparison with other scoring systems in predicting severity and organ failure. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2013;12(6):645-650. doi:10.1016/s1499-3872(13)60101-0
  • Marshall JC, Cook DJ, Christou NV, Bernard GR, Sprung CL, Sibbald WJ. Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome. Crit Care Med. 1995;23(10):1638-1652. doi:10.1097/00003246-199510000-00007
  • Lankisch PG, Weber-Dany B, Hebel K, Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB. The harmless acute pancreatitis score: a clinical algorithm for rapid initial stratification of nonsevere disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(6):702-607. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.02.020
  • Darden DB, Moore FA, Brakenridge SC, et al. The Effect of Aging Physiology on Critical Care. Crit Care Clin. 2021;37(1):135-150. doi:10.1016/j. ccc.2020.08.006
  • Gray-Miceli D, Gray K, Sorenson MR, Holtzclaw BJ. Immunosenescence and Infectious Disease Risk Among Aging Adults: Management Strategies for FNPs to Identify Those at Greatest Risk. Advances in Family Practice Nursing. 2023;5(1):27-40. doi:10.1016/j.yfpn.2022.11.004
  • Ruiz-Rebollo ML, Muñoz-Moreno MF. The severity and outcomes in acute pancreatitis do not differ between the elderly and non-elderly patients: Experience in a clinical tertiary center. Med Clin (Barc). 2025; 165(4): 107112. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2025.107112
  • Hashemi, R., Rabizadeh, S., Yadegar, A. et al. High prevalence of comorbidities in older adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Geriatr 24, 873 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877- 024-05483-3
  • Berbudi A, Rahmadika N, Tjahjadi AI, Ruslami R. Type 2 Diabetes and its Impact on the Immune System. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2020;16(5):442- 449. doi:10.2174/1573399815666191024085838
  • Mikó A, Farkas N, Garami A, et al. Preexisting Diabetes Elevates Risk of Local and Systemic Complications in Acute Pancreatitis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pancreas. 2018;47(8):917-923. doi:10.1097/ MPA.0000000000001122
  • Kara B, Olmez S, Yalcın MS, Tas A, Ozturk NA, Sarıtaş B. Update on the effect of age on acute pancreatitis morbidity: a retrospective, single- center study. Prz Gastroenterol. 2018;13(3):223-227. doi:10.5114/pg.2018.75677
  • Tenner S, Vege SS, Sheth SG, et al. American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines: Management of Acute Pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2024;119(3):419-437. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002645
  • Ocskay K, Vinkó Z, Németh D, et al. Hypoalbuminemia affects one third of acute pancreatitis patients and is independently associated with severity and mortality. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):24158. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03449-8
  • Iniestra-Ayllón OF, Morales-González JA, Sánchez-Reyes K, Rodríguez- Negrete EV. Serum Albumin as an Early Predictor of Severity in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology Insights. 2025; 16(2):17. https://doi.org/10.3390/gastroent16020017
  • Capurso G, Ponz de Leon Pisani R, Lauri G, et al. Clinical usefulness of scoring systems to predict severe acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis with pre and post-test probability assessment. United European Gastroenterol J. 2023;11(9):825-836. doi:10.1002/ ueg2.12464

The Effect of Acute Pancreatitis on Systemic Complications and Comorbidities in Elderly Patients

Year 2026, Volume: 79 Issue: 1, 108 - 117, 27.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1876247
https://izlik.org/JA59SK29XD

Abstract

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a clinical condition that can range from mild inflammation to severe forms accompanied by multiorgan failure. It is linked to notable rates of illness and death. Older adults are particularly vulnerable due to reduced physiological reserve and the presence of multiple comorbidities. This study sought to examine how age influences comorbidities and clinical outcomes in patients with AP.
Aim: This study's main goal was to identify the risk factors contributing to systemic complications and mortality among individuals aged 65 and over diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. In addition, the study aimed to assess the effectiveness of commonly used clinical severity scoring systems across different age groups.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 401 patients who presented with acute pancreatitis between January 2023 and May 2025. Participants were initially categorized according to age into those younger than 65 years and those aged 65 years or older, with additional age-stratified subgroup analyses performed within the elderly population. Clinical, laboratory, and demographic variables were systematically assessed and compared. To determine independent predictors of systemic complications, local complications, and in-hospital mortality, multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied.
Results: Of the 401 patients included, 50.1% were aged 65 years or above. Comorbidities including diabetes mellitus (32.3% vs. 9.0%), hypertension (75.1% vs. 15.5%), and coronary artery disease (34.8% vs. 5.5%) were markedly more common among elderly patients (all p < 0.05). Systemic complications were more commonly observed in elderly patients (39.3% vs. 25.5%, p = 0.003), whereas the incidence of local complications (23.5% vs. 17.4%) and in-hospital mortality (6.0% vs. 7.5%) showed no significant differences between the age groups (both p > 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, age ≥65 years (aOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.20–3.18) and presence of diabetes (aOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.47–4.21) emerged as independent predictors for systemic complications. Regarding in-hospital mortality, systemic complications (aOR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.07–6.69) and reduced serum albumin levels (aOR = 0.43 per g/dL, 95% CI: 0.19–0.96) were found to be significant risk factors.The predictive performance of current severity scores for mortality and complications was limited in elderly patients (AUC <0.80).
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that AP treatment in the elderly should be planned not only according to age but also according to comorbidities and clinical findings. Furthermore, the suitability of current risk scores for elderly patients should be reevaluated. New scoring models reflecting disease severity are needed for this specific group.

Ethical Statement

ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital. (Approval No: 1-25-1694).

Supporting Institution

None

References

  • Huang Y, Badurdeen DS. Acute Pancreatitis Review. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2023;34(8):795-801. doi:10.5152/tjg.2023.23175
  • Szatmary P, Grammatikopoulos T, Cai W, et al. Acute Pancreatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment. Drugs. 2022;82(12):1251-1276. doi:10.1007/s40265-022-01766-4
  • Márta K, Lazarescu AM, Farkas N, et al. Aging and Comorbidities in Acute Pancreatitis I: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Based on 194,702 Patients. Front Physiol. 2019;10:328. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00328
  • Gardner TB, Vege SS, Chari ST, et al. The effect of age on hospital outcomes in severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2008;8(3):265-270. doi:10.1159/000134274
  • Yu B, Li N, Li J, et al. The Clinical Characteristics of Acute Pancreatitis in Gerontal Patients: A Retrospective Study. Clin Interv Aging. 2020;15:1541-1553. Published 2020 Sep 4. doi:10.2147/CIA.S259920
  • Shen HN, Lu CL, Li CY. Effect of diabetes on severity and hospital mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis: a national population-based study. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(5):1061-1066. doi:10.2337/dc11-1925
  • Xu J, Xu M, Gao X, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Diabetes Mellitus on Moderately Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Severe Acute Pancreatitis. J Inflamm Res. 2024;17:6673-6690. Published 2024 Sep 23. doi:10.2147/JIR.S478983
  • Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, et al. Classification of acute pancreatitis-- 2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut. 2013;62(1):102-111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779
  • Al-Hadeedi S, Fan ST, Leaper D. APACHE-II score for assessment and monitoring of acute pancreatitis. Lancet. 1989;2(8665):738. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90795-2
  • Park JY, Jeon TJ, Ha TH, et al. Bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis: comparison with other scoring systems in predicting severity and organ failure. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2013;12(6):645-650. doi:10.1016/s1499-3872(13)60101-0
  • Marshall JC, Cook DJ, Christou NV, Bernard GR, Sprung CL, Sibbald WJ. Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome. Crit Care Med. 1995;23(10):1638-1652. doi:10.1097/00003246-199510000-00007
  • Lankisch PG, Weber-Dany B, Hebel K, Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB. The harmless acute pancreatitis score: a clinical algorithm for rapid initial stratification of nonsevere disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(6):702-607. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.02.020
  • Darden DB, Moore FA, Brakenridge SC, et al. The Effect of Aging Physiology on Critical Care. Crit Care Clin. 2021;37(1):135-150. doi:10.1016/j. ccc.2020.08.006
  • Gray-Miceli D, Gray K, Sorenson MR, Holtzclaw BJ. Immunosenescence and Infectious Disease Risk Among Aging Adults: Management Strategies for FNPs to Identify Those at Greatest Risk. Advances in Family Practice Nursing. 2023;5(1):27-40. doi:10.1016/j.yfpn.2022.11.004
  • Ruiz-Rebollo ML, Muñoz-Moreno MF. The severity and outcomes in acute pancreatitis do not differ between the elderly and non-elderly patients: Experience in a clinical tertiary center. Med Clin (Barc). 2025; 165(4): 107112. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2025.107112
  • Hashemi, R., Rabizadeh, S., Yadegar, A. et al. High prevalence of comorbidities in older adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Geriatr 24, 873 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877- 024-05483-3
  • Berbudi A, Rahmadika N, Tjahjadi AI, Ruslami R. Type 2 Diabetes and its Impact on the Immune System. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2020;16(5):442- 449. doi:10.2174/1573399815666191024085838
  • Mikó A, Farkas N, Garami A, et al. Preexisting Diabetes Elevates Risk of Local and Systemic Complications in Acute Pancreatitis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pancreas. 2018;47(8):917-923. doi:10.1097/ MPA.0000000000001122
  • Kara B, Olmez S, Yalcın MS, Tas A, Ozturk NA, Sarıtaş B. Update on the effect of age on acute pancreatitis morbidity: a retrospective, single- center study. Prz Gastroenterol. 2018;13(3):223-227. doi:10.5114/pg.2018.75677
  • Tenner S, Vege SS, Sheth SG, et al. American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines: Management of Acute Pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2024;119(3):419-437. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002645
  • Ocskay K, Vinkó Z, Németh D, et al. Hypoalbuminemia affects one third of acute pancreatitis patients and is independently associated with severity and mortality. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):24158. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03449-8
  • Iniestra-Ayllón OF, Morales-González JA, Sánchez-Reyes K, Rodríguez- Negrete EV. Serum Albumin as an Early Predictor of Severity in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology Insights. 2025; 16(2):17. https://doi.org/10.3390/gastroent16020017
  • Capurso G, Ponz de Leon Pisani R, Lauri G, et al. Clinical usefulness of scoring systems to predict severe acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis with pre and post-test probability assessment. United European Gastroenterol J. 2023;11(9):825-836. doi:10.1002/ ueg2.12464
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bayram İnan 0000-0002-0815-8414

Zeki Mesut Yalın Kılıç 0000-0001-7295-9227

Submission Date January 29, 2026
Acceptance Date March 21, 2026
Publication Date March 27, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1876247
IZ https://izlik.org/JA59SK29XD
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 79 Issue: 1

Cite

APA İnan, B., & Kılıç, Z. M. Y. (2026). The Effect of Acute Pancreatitis on Systemic Complications and Comorbidities in Elderly Patients. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 79(1), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1876247
AMA 1.İnan B, Kılıç ZMY. The Effect of Acute Pancreatitis on Systemic Complications and Comorbidities in Elderly Patients. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2026;79(1):108-117. doi:10.65092/autfm.1876247
Chicago İnan, Bayram, and Zeki Mesut Yalın Kılıç. 2026. “The Effect of Acute Pancreatitis on Systemic Complications and Comorbidities in Elderly Patients”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 79 (1): 108-17. https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1876247.
EndNote İnan B, Kılıç ZMY (March 1, 2026) The Effect of Acute Pancreatitis on Systemic Complications and Comorbidities in Elderly Patients. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 79 1 108–117.
IEEE [1]B. İnan and Z. M. Y. Kılıç, “The Effect of Acute Pancreatitis on Systemic Complications and Comorbidities in Elderly Patients”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 108–117, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.65092/autfm.1876247.
ISNAD İnan, Bayram - Kılıç, Zeki Mesut Yalın. “The Effect of Acute Pancreatitis on Systemic Complications and Comorbidities in Elderly Patients”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 79/1 (March 1, 2026): 108-117. https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1876247.
JAMA 1.İnan B, Kılıç ZMY. The Effect of Acute Pancreatitis on Systemic Complications and Comorbidities in Elderly Patients. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2026;79:108–117.
MLA İnan, Bayram, and Zeki Mesut Yalın Kılıç. “The Effect of Acute Pancreatitis on Systemic Complications and Comorbidities in Elderly Patients”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 79, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 108-17, doi:10.65092/autfm.1876247.
Vancouver 1.Bayram İnan, Zeki Mesut Yalın Kılıç. The Effect of Acute Pancreatitis on Systemic Complications and Comorbidities in Elderly Patients. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2026 Mar. 1;79(1):108-17. doi:10.65092/autfm.1876247