Benign prostat hiperplazisi (BPH) ve apopitozis Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and apoptosis

Abstract

Keywords

• -

Benign prostat hiperplazisi (BPH) ve apopitozis

Abstract

Apopitozis programlanmış hücre ölümü olarak tanımlanır. Prostat büyümesi ve gelişmesi, hücre ölümü ve proliferasyonu arasında denge sağlayan androjenik kontrolün etkisi altındadır. BPH’daki prostat büyümesini inceleyen çalışmalar; stroma ve epitelyal komponentler arasındaki hücre proliferasyonu ve apopitozis dengesini sağlayan moleküler mekanizmalarda oluşan bozukluğun BPH ile karakterize anormal glands büyümesinin altında yatan sebep olduğunu göstermektedir. BPH’nın medikal tedavisi, α1 adrenoreseptör (AR) blokörlerinin prostatik düz kasların relaksasyonuna bağlı veya 5α redüktaz inhibitörlerinin glandı küçültmesine bağlı etkileriyle sikayetlerin giderilmesini hedefler. Birincil etki mekanizmaları dışında, α1 adrenoreseptör (AR) blokörlerinin ve 5α redüktaz inhibitörlerinin prostat hücrelerinde apopitozisi de indükledikleri gösterilmiştir. Bu makalede BPH’nın medikal tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçlar ile apopitotik etkileri gözden geçirilmiştir.

Keywords

• prostat, apopitozis, medikal tedavi

References

1. Ziada A, Rosenblum M, Crawford ED. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: an overview. Urology. 1999; 53: 1.
2. Coffey DS. and Walsh PC. Clinical and experimental studies of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urol Clin North Am. 1990; 17:461.
3. Yang G, Timme TL, Park SH et al. Transforming growth factor beta 1 transduced mouse prostate reconstitutions: II. Induction of apoptosis by doxazosin. Prostate. 1997; 33:157.
4. Djakiew D, Dysregulated expression of growth factors and their receptors in the development of prostate cancer: review article. Prostate. 2000; 42: 150-160.
5. Bartsch G, Muller HR, Oberholzer M et al. Light microscopic stereological analysis of the normal human prostate and of benign prostate hyperplasia. J Urol. 1992; 147:1293.
6. McNeal J, Pathology of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Insight into etiology. Urol Clin North Am. 1990; 17:477.
7. Kledjian K, Kyprianou N. Anoikis induction by quinazoline based alfa-1 adrenoreceptor antagonists in prostate cancer cells: antagonistic effect of BCL-2. J Urol. 2003; 169: 1150-1156.
8. Tahmatzopoulos A, Kyprianou N, Apopitotic impact of alfa-1 blockers on prostate cancer growth: a nyth or an inviting reality? The prostate. 2000; 59: 91-100.

9. McDonell TJ, Troncoso P, Brisbay SM et al. Expression of the protooncogene bcl-2 in the prostate and its association with emergence of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1992; 52: 6940-6944.
10. Newton K, Strasser A. The Bcl-2 family and cell death regulation. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1998; 8:1, 68-75.
11. Kerr JF, Searle J. Deletion of cells by apoptosis during castration- induced involution of the rat prostate. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol. 1973; 25 (13):87-102.
12. Denmeade SR, Lin XS, Isaacs JT. Role of programmed (apoptotic) cell death during the progression and therapy for prostate cancer. Prostate. 1996;28(4):251-65
13. Shao TC, Kong A, Marafelia P et al. Effects of Şnasteride on the rat ventral prostate. J Androl. 1993; 14 (2):79-86.
14. Rittmaster RS, Manning AP, Wright AS et al. Evidence for atrophy and apoptosis in the ventral prostate of rats given the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor Şnasteride. Endocrinology. 1995; 136 (2):741-8.
15. Wright AS, Thomas LN, Douglas RC et al. Relative potency of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in preventing atrophy and apoptosis in the prostate of the castrated rat. J Clin Invest. 1996; 98 (11):2558-63.
16. Rittmaster RS, Norman RW, Thomas LN et al. Evidence for atrophy and apoptosis in the prostates of men given Şnasteride. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996; 81:814-9.
17. Marks LS, Dorey FJ, Macairan ML et al. Three-dimensional ultrasound device for rapid determination of bladder volume. Urology. 1997; 50:341-8.
18. Roehrborn C, Oesterling JE, Auerbach S et al. The hytrin community assesment trial study: a one year study of terazosin versus placebo in the treatment of men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. HYCAT Investigator group. Urology. 1996; 47:159-168.
19. Yang G, Timme TL, Park SH et al. Transforming growth factor beta-1 transduced mouse prostate reconstitutions: II. Induction of apopitosis by doxazosin. Prostate. 1997; 33:157.
20. Kyprianou N, Litvak JP, Borkowski A et al. Induction of prostate apoptosis by doxazosin in benign prostate hyperplasia. J Urol. 1998; 159:6 1810-1815.
21. Chon JK, Borkowski A, Partin WA et al. Alfa-1 adrenoreceptor antagonists terazosin and doxazosin induce prostate apoptosis without affecting cell proliferation in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 1999; 161: 2002-2008.
22. Turkeri LN, Ozyurek M, Ersev D ve Ark. Apoptotic regression of prostatic tissue induced by short-term doxazosin treatment in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Arch Esp Urol. 2001;54(2):191-6.
23. Glassman DT, Chon JK, Borkowski A et al. Combined effect of terazosin and Şnasteride on apoptosis, cell proliferation and transforming growth factor-beta expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia. The prostate. 2001; 46: 45-51.
24. Erdogru T, Ciftcioglu MA, Emreoglu I ve Ark. Apoptotic and proliferative index after Alpha-1-adrenoceptor antagonist and/or Şnasteride treatment in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urol Int. 2002;69:287-92.
25. Erdogru T, Gulkesen KH, Kukul E ve Ark. Increased bladder apoptosis with alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonists in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2002;36:188-93.
26. Kyprianou N, Chon J, Benning CM. Effects of alfa-1 adrenoreceptor antagonists on cell proliferation and apoptosis in the prostate: Therapeutic implications in prostatic disease. The prostate supp. 2000; 9: 42-46.
27. Partin JV, Anglin IE, Kyprianou N. Quinazoline-based alfa-1 adrenoreceptor antagonists induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis via TGF-beta signalling and IkBalfa induction. British Journal of Cancer. 2003; 88: 1615-1621.
28. Kledjian K, Borkowski A, Kim G et al. Reduction of human prostate tumor vascularity by the alfa-1 adrenoreceptor antagonist terazosin. Prostate. 2000;48: 71.
29. Kyprianou N, Benning CM. Supression of human prostate cancer cell growth by alfa-1 adrenoreceptor antagonists doxazosin and terazosin via induction of apoptosis. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 4550- 4555.
30. Walden P, Neider A, Globina Y. Investigation of non-adrenergic, apoptotic mechanism of action of doxazosin in the prostate. J Urol. 2002; 167:215.
31. Cuellar DC, Kyprianou N. Alfa-1 adrenoreceptor antagonists radiosensitize prostate cancer cells via apoptosis induction. Anticancer Res. 2002; 22:1673-1679.
32. Çal C, Uslu R, Günaydın G ve Ark. Doxazosin: A new cytotoxic agent for prostate cancer? BJU Int. 2000; 85:672-675.
33. Pan SL, Guh JH, Huang YW et al. IdentiŞcation of apoptotic and antiangigenic activities of terazosin in human prostate cancer and endothelial cells. J Urol. 2003; 169:724-729.
34. Wang H, Zhang Y, Cao L et al. HERG K+ channel, a regulator of tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation.Cancer Res. 2002; 1:4843-8.
35. Thomas D, Wimmer AB, Wu K et al. Inhibition of human ether- a-go-go-related gene potassium channels by alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004; 369:462-72.
36. Joseph IBJK, Nelson JB, Denmeade SR et al. Androgens regulate vasculer endothelial growth factor content in normal and malignant prostatic tissue. Clin Cancer Res 1997; 3:2507-251.