Research Article
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Effect of Sleep Duration on Working Memory and Verbal Fluency Functions of Medical Faculty Students

Year 2022, Volume: 75 Issue: 4, 479 - 485, 20.01.2023

Abstract

Objectives: Adequacy and quality of sleep have great importance in the mental functions of young adults. It is accepted that 7-8 hours is sufficient for normal physiological sleep. Sleep disorders lead to various cognitive problems and weakening in academic performance. In our study, the effects of differences in sleep duration on cognitive functions, especially on working memory and verbal skills, were investigated in medical school students.

Materials and Methods: Participants were selected on a voluntary basis (n=50; 27 females, 23 males) among right-handed medical school students (with a hand preference score between 13 and 17). After the online questionnaire was applied, the participants were divided into three groups according to their sleep duration:
1. Low sleepers (LS) (≤6 hours) (n=10)
2. Normal sleepers (NS) (7-8 hours) (n=28)
3. Excessive sleepers (ES) (≥9 hours) (n=12).
The Modified Corsi Block Tapping (CBT) test and Verbal Fluency test (VFT) were administered to the participants.

Results: It was observed that CBT data in both the right and left handed participants were significantly decreased in the LS group compared to
the NS group. There was no significant difference between the NS and ES groups. No significant difference was found between the groups in all
parameters in the VFT data.

Conclusion: Decreased sleep duration decreased working memory performance in line with the literature. Our results underline the impairments that may occur in working memory in individuals who cannot sleep for a sufficient amount of time. It indicates that verbal fluency is not affected by sleep duration in young medical faculty students. It would be beneficial to examine the study by expanding it with tests that can measure the effect of sleep on working memory, learning processes and other similar cognitive functions in groups with characteristics such as different ages and education levels

Ethical Statement

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Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

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References

  • 1. Kronholm E, Sallinen M, Suutama T, et al. Self-reported sleep duration and cognitive functioning in the general population. J Sleep Res. 2009;18:436-446.
  • 2. Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, et al. Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: A Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Sleep. 2015;38:843-844.
  • 3. Bixler E. Sleep and society: an epidemiological perspective. Sleep Med. 2009;10 Suppl 1:S3-S6.
  • 4. Foerster M, Henneke A, Chetty-Mhlanga S, et al. Impact of Adolescents’ Screen Time and Nocturnal Mobile Phone-Related Awakenings on Sleep and General Health Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16:518.
  • 5. Frenda SJ, KM Fenn. Sleep Less, Think Worse: The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Working Memory. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. 2016;5:463-469.
  • 6. Preišegolavičiūtė E, Leskauskas D, Adomaitienė V. Associations of quality of sleep with lifestyle factors and profile of studies among Lithuanian students. Medicina (Kaunas). 2010;46:482-489.
  • 7. Altıntaş H, Sevencan F, Aslan T, et al. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dönem dört öğrencilerinin uyku bozukluklarının ve uykululuk hallerinin Epworth uykululuk ölçeği ile değerlendirilmesi. STED/Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi. 2006;15:115-120.
  • 8. Mayda A, Kasap H, Yıldırım C, et al. 4-5-6. sınıf tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde uyku bozukluğu sıklığı. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2012;2:8-11.
  • 9. Kıyak YS, Coşkun Ö, Budakoğlu İ. Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dönem 2 Öğrencilerinin Algılanan Öğrenme Düzeyleri, Uyku Kaliteleri Ve İçecek Tüketimleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası. 2019;18:56-65.
  • 10. Gümüştakım RŞ, Kuş C, Uzkar M. Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Gündüz Uykululuğunun ve Uyku Hijyeninin Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine. 2020;Suppl:52-62.
  • 11. Curcio G, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Med Rev. 2006;10:323-337.
  • 12. Baddeley A. Working memory. Curr Biol. 2010;20:R136-R140.
  • 13. Baddeley A. The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory? Trends Cogn Sci. 2000;4:417-423.
  • 14. Gökçe E, Güneş E, Nalçacı E, Çalışma Belleği Hakkında Kısa Bir Gözden Geçirme. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2021;74:11-17.
  • 15. Mehta B, Kamble PH, Gadhvi M, et al. Correlation of self-reported sleep duration with working memory of adolescents. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9:4196-4199.
  • 16. Richards A, Inslicht SS, Metzler TJ, et al. Sleep and Cognitive Performance From Teens To Old Age: More Is Not Better. Sleep. 2017;40:zsw029.
  • 17. World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310:2191-2194.
  • 18. Nalçaci E, Kalaycioğlu C, Güneş E, et al. El tercihi anketinin geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2002;13:99-106.
  • 19. Nalçaci E, Kalayacıoğlu C, Güneş E, Çiçek M. Pseudoneglect of males and females on a spatial short-term memory task. Perceptual and motor skills. 1997;84:99-105.
  • 20. Shao Z, Janse E, Visser K, et al. What do verbal fluency tasks measure? Predictors of verbal fluency performance in older adults. Front Psychol. 2014;5:772.
  • 21. Lo JC, Ong JL, Leong RL, et al. Cognitive Performance, Sleepiness, and Mood in Partially Sleep Deprived Adolescents: The Need for Sleep Study. Sleep. 2016;39:687-698.
  • 22. Stefansdottir R, Gundersen H, Rognvaldsdottir V, et al. Association between free-living sleep and memory and attention in healthy adolescents. Sci Rep.2020;10:16877.
  • 23. Xie W, Berry A, Lustig C, et al. Poor Sleep Quality and Compromised Visual Working Memory Capacity. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2019;25:583-594.
  • 24. Todor JI, Cisneros J. Accommodation to increased accuracy demands by the right and left hands. J Mot Behav. 1985;17:355-372.
  • 25. Taylor DJ, Lichstein KL, Durrence HH, et al. Epidemiology of insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Sleep. 2005;28:1457-1464.
  • 26. Medeiros LS, Santos FH, Almeida AP, et al. Sex differences in the cognitive performance in adults: role of impaired sleep. Sleep Sci. 2022;15:17-25.
  • 27. Del Angel J, Cortez J, Juárez D, et al. Effects of sleep reduction on the phonological and visuospatial components of working memory. Sleep Sci.2015;8:68-74.
  • 28. Steenari MR, Vuontela V, Paavonen EJ, et al. Working memory and sleep in 6- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;42:85-92.
  • 29. Gradisar M, Terrıll G, Johnston A, et al. Adolescent sleep and working memory performance. Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 2008;6:146-154.
  • 30. Curtis CE. Prefrontal and parietal contributions to spatial working memory. Neuroscience. 2006;139:173-180.
  • 31. Chee MW, Chuah LY, Venkatraman V, et al. Functional imaging of working memory following normal sleep and after 24 and 35 h of sleep deprivation: Correlations of fronto-parietal activation with performance. Neuroimage. 2006;31:419-428.
  • 32. Miller E. Verbal fluency as a function of a measure of verbal intelligence and in relation to different types of cerebral pathology. Br J Clin Psychol. 1984;23(Pt 1):53-57.
  • 33. Hall J, O’Carroll RE, Frith CD, 7 - Neuropsychology, in Companion to Psychiatric Studies (Eighth Edition), E.C. Johnstone, et al., Editors. Churchill Livingstone: St. Louis.; 2010. s. 121-140.

Uyku Süresinin Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Çalışma Belleği ve Sözel Akıcılık İşlevlerine Olan Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 75 Issue: 4, 479 - 485, 20.01.2023

Abstract

Amaç: Yeterli ve kaliteli bir uyku genç yetişkinlerin zihinsel fonksiyonlarında büyük öneme sahiptir. Normal fizyolojik uyku için 7-8 saatlik sürenin
yeterli olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Uyku bozuklukları çeşitli bilişsel problemlere ve akademik performansta zayıflamaya yol açmaktadır. Çalışmamızda tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde, uyku sürelerindeki farklılıkların bilişsel işlevlerden özellikle çalışma belleği ve sözel beceriler üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Katılımcılar, tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinden sağ eli baskın (el tercihi puanı 13 ve 17 arasında olan) öğrenciler arasından, gönüllülük esasına göre seçildi (n=50; 27 kadın, 23 erkek).
Uygulanan çevrimiçi anket sonrasında katılımcılar uyku sürelerine göre üç gruba ayrıldılar:
1. Az uyuyanlar (AU) (≤6 saat) (n=10)
2. Normal uyuyanlar (NU) (7-8 saat) (n=28)
3. Fazla uyuyanlar (FU) (≥9 saat) (n=12).
Katılımcılara Modifiye Corsi Küp Tıklatma (CKT) testi ve Sözel Akıcılık testi (SAT) uygulaması yapıldı.

Bulgular: AU grubunda hem sağ el hem de sol elde CKT verilerinin NU grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde azaldığı gözlendi. NU ve FU grupları arasında ise anlamlı fark bulunmadı. SAT verilerinde tüm parametrelerde gruplar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı.

Sonuç: Uyku süresinin azalması çalışma belleği performansını literatürle uyumlu olarak azaltmıştır. Sonuçlarımız yeterli sürede uyuyamayan
bireylerde çalışma belleğinde meydana gelebilecek bozulmaların altını çizmektedir. Sözel akıcılığın ise genç tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde uyku
süresinden etkilenmediğine işaret etmektedir. Çalışmanın farklı yaş, eğitim düzeyi vb. özelliklere sahip gruplarda uykunun çalışma belleğine, öğrenme süreçlerine ve benzeri başka bilişsel fonksiyonlara olan etkisini de ölçebilen testlerle genişletilerek incelenmesi yararlı olacaktır.

Ethical Statement

: Çalışma Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Öğrenci Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu tarafından incelenerek onaylanmıştır (karar no: 9595, tarih: 29.01.2019)

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

  • 1. Kronholm E, Sallinen M, Suutama T, et al. Self-reported sleep duration and cognitive functioning in the general population. J Sleep Res. 2009;18:436-446.
  • 2. Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, et al. Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: A Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Sleep. 2015;38:843-844.
  • 3. Bixler E. Sleep and society: an epidemiological perspective. Sleep Med. 2009;10 Suppl 1:S3-S6.
  • 4. Foerster M, Henneke A, Chetty-Mhlanga S, et al. Impact of Adolescents’ Screen Time and Nocturnal Mobile Phone-Related Awakenings on Sleep and General Health Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16:518.
  • 5. Frenda SJ, KM Fenn. Sleep Less, Think Worse: The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Working Memory. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. 2016;5:463-469.
  • 6. Preišegolavičiūtė E, Leskauskas D, Adomaitienė V. Associations of quality of sleep with lifestyle factors and profile of studies among Lithuanian students. Medicina (Kaunas). 2010;46:482-489.
  • 7. Altıntaş H, Sevencan F, Aslan T, et al. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dönem dört öğrencilerinin uyku bozukluklarının ve uykululuk hallerinin Epworth uykululuk ölçeği ile değerlendirilmesi. STED/Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi. 2006;15:115-120.
  • 8. Mayda A, Kasap H, Yıldırım C, et al. 4-5-6. sınıf tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde uyku bozukluğu sıklığı. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2012;2:8-11.
  • 9. Kıyak YS, Coşkun Ö, Budakoğlu İ. Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dönem 2 Öğrencilerinin Algılanan Öğrenme Düzeyleri, Uyku Kaliteleri Ve İçecek Tüketimleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası. 2019;18:56-65.
  • 10. Gümüştakım RŞ, Kuş C, Uzkar M. Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Gündüz Uykululuğunun ve Uyku Hijyeninin Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine. 2020;Suppl:52-62.
  • 11. Curcio G, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Med Rev. 2006;10:323-337.
  • 12. Baddeley A. Working memory. Curr Biol. 2010;20:R136-R140.
  • 13. Baddeley A. The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory? Trends Cogn Sci. 2000;4:417-423.
  • 14. Gökçe E, Güneş E, Nalçacı E, Çalışma Belleği Hakkında Kısa Bir Gözden Geçirme. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2021;74:11-17.
  • 15. Mehta B, Kamble PH, Gadhvi M, et al. Correlation of self-reported sleep duration with working memory of adolescents. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9:4196-4199.
  • 16. Richards A, Inslicht SS, Metzler TJ, et al. Sleep and Cognitive Performance From Teens To Old Age: More Is Not Better. Sleep. 2017;40:zsw029.
  • 17. World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310:2191-2194.
  • 18. Nalçaci E, Kalaycioğlu C, Güneş E, et al. El tercihi anketinin geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2002;13:99-106.
  • 19. Nalçaci E, Kalayacıoğlu C, Güneş E, Çiçek M. Pseudoneglect of males and females on a spatial short-term memory task. Perceptual and motor skills. 1997;84:99-105.
  • 20. Shao Z, Janse E, Visser K, et al. What do verbal fluency tasks measure? Predictors of verbal fluency performance in older adults. Front Psychol. 2014;5:772.
  • 21. Lo JC, Ong JL, Leong RL, et al. Cognitive Performance, Sleepiness, and Mood in Partially Sleep Deprived Adolescents: The Need for Sleep Study. Sleep. 2016;39:687-698.
  • 22. Stefansdottir R, Gundersen H, Rognvaldsdottir V, et al. Association between free-living sleep and memory and attention in healthy adolescents. Sci Rep.2020;10:16877.
  • 23. Xie W, Berry A, Lustig C, et al. Poor Sleep Quality and Compromised Visual Working Memory Capacity. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2019;25:583-594.
  • 24. Todor JI, Cisneros J. Accommodation to increased accuracy demands by the right and left hands. J Mot Behav. 1985;17:355-372.
  • 25. Taylor DJ, Lichstein KL, Durrence HH, et al. Epidemiology of insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Sleep. 2005;28:1457-1464.
  • 26. Medeiros LS, Santos FH, Almeida AP, et al. Sex differences in the cognitive performance in adults: role of impaired sleep. Sleep Sci. 2022;15:17-25.
  • 27. Del Angel J, Cortez J, Juárez D, et al. Effects of sleep reduction on the phonological and visuospatial components of working memory. Sleep Sci.2015;8:68-74.
  • 28. Steenari MR, Vuontela V, Paavonen EJ, et al. Working memory and sleep in 6- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;42:85-92.
  • 29. Gradisar M, Terrıll G, Johnston A, et al. Adolescent sleep and working memory performance. Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 2008;6:146-154.
  • 30. Curtis CE. Prefrontal and parietal contributions to spatial working memory. Neuroscience. 2006;139:173-180.
  • 31. Chee MW, Chuah LY, Venkatraman V, et al. Functional imaging of working memory following normal sleep and after 24 and 35 h of sleep deprivation: Correlations of fronto-parietal activation with performance. Neuroimage. 2006;31:419-428.
  • 32. Miller E. Verbal fluency as a function of a measure of verbal intelligence and in relation to different types of cerebral pathology. Br J Clin Psychol. 1984;23(Pt 1):53-57.
  • 33. Hall J, O’Carroll RE, Frith CD, 7 - Neuropsychology, in Companion to Psychiatric Studies (Eighth Edition), E.C. Johnstone, et al., Editors. Churchill Livingstone: St. Louis.; 2010. s. 121-140.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Medical Physiology (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emel Güneş 0000-0003-3599-5151

Sertaç Üstün 0000-0002-4353-1683

Evrim Gökçe 0000-0003-1548-8785

Fırat Akat 0000-0003-1609-6847

Esra Armağan 0000-0003-2365-0690

Hüseyin Emre Gündoğdu This is me 0000-0002-9954-183X

Kasım Kürşat Bataş This is me 0000-0001-7016-4033

Nilay Ekicioğlu This is me 0000-0001-7409-4597

Sena Nur Akkuş This is me 0000-0003-4150-5462

Yağmur Çil This is me 0000-0002-7826-1548

Project Number -
Publication Date January 20, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 75 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Güneş, E., Üstün, S., Gökçe, E., … Akat, F. (2023). Effect of Sleep Duration on Working Memory and Verbal Fluency Functions of Medical Faculty Students. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 75(4), 479-485. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2022.76768
AMA Güneş E, Üstün S, Gökçe E, et al. Effect of Sleep Duration on Working Memory and Verbal Fluency Functions of Medical Faculty Students. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. January 2023;75(4):479-485. doi:10.4274/atfm.galenos.2022.76768
Chicago Güneş, Emel, Sertaç Üstün, Evrim Gökçe, Fırat Akat, Esra Armağan, Hüseyin Emre Gündoğdu, Kasım Kürşat Bataş, Nilay Ekicioğlu, Sena Nur Akkuş, and Yağmur Çil. “Effect of Sleep Duration on Working Memory and Verbal Fluency Functions of Medical Faculty Students”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 75, no. 4 (January 2023): 479-85. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2022.76768.
EndNote Güneş E, Üstün S, Gökçe E, Akat F, Armağan E, Gündoğdu HE, Bataş KK, Ekicioğlu N, Akkuş SN, Çil Y (January 1, 2023) Effect of Sleep Duration on Working Memory and Verbal Fluency Functions of Medical Faculty Students. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 75 4 479–485.
IEEE E. Güneş et al., “Effect of Sleep Duration on Working Memory and Verbal Fluency Functions of Medical Faculty Students”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 479–485, 2023, doi: 10.4274/atfm.galenos.2022.76768.
ISNAD Güneş, Emel et al. “Effect of Sleep Duration on Working Memory and Verbal Fluency Functions of Medical Faculty Students”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 75/4 (January2023), 479-485. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2022.76768.
JAMA Güneş E, Üstün S, Gökçe E, Akat F, Armağan E, Gündoğdu HE, Bataş KK, Ekicioğlu N, Akkuş SN, Çil Y. Effect of Sleep Duration on Working Memory and Verbal Fluency Functions of Medical Faculty Students. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2023;75:479–485.
MLA Güneş, Emel et al. “Effect of Sleep Duration on Working Memory and Verbal Fluency Functions of Medical Faculty Students”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 75, no. 4, 2023, pp. 479-85, doi:10.4274/atfm.galenos.2022.76768.
Vancouver Güneş E, Üstün S, Gökçe E, Akat F, Armağan E, Gündoğdu HE, et al. Effect of Sleep Duration on Working Memory and Verbal Fluency Functions of Medical Faculty Students. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2023;75(4):479-85.