Neurohumoral Mediators and Morphine

Year 1965, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 468 - 488, 30.06.1965

Şükrü Kaymakçalan

Abstract

Bu seminer çalışması, santral sinir sistemindeki nörohumoral mediatörlerin tanımı, transmitter olarak kabul edilme kriterleri ve morfin ile olan karşılıklı etkilerini ele almaktadır. Morfin’in kolinerjik, adrenerjik, serotonerjik, inhibitör ve histaminerjik sistemlerle olan etkileşimi, çeşitli hayvan türleri üzerinden metabolik, fizyolojik ve davranışsal düzeylerde değerlendirilmiştir. Transmitter maddeler arasında başlıca acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, P maddesi, GABA ve ilgili bileşikler (GABOB, GABA-choline, Factor I) yer almakta; bu maddelerin morfin toleransı ve abstinens sendromu ile olan bağlantıları tartışılmaktadır. Her ne kadar bazı nörohumoral değişiklikler gözlemlenmiş olsa da, morfin bağımlılığının fizyolojik mekanizmaları tam olarak açıklanamamıştır.

Nörohumoral Mediatörler ve Morfin

Abstract

This seminar reviews neurohumoral mediators within the central nervous system, their biochemical properties, transmitter criteria, and their interaction with morphine. The pharmacological effects of morphine on cholinergic, adrenergic, serotonergic, inhibitory, and histaminergic systems are discussed through animal studies and biochemical evaluations. Key mediators such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, substance P, GABA, and related compounds (GABOB, GABA-choline, Factor I) are considered. Although some neurohumoral changes were detected during morphine tolerance and withdrawal, these findings do not fully explain addiction mechanisms.

Keywords

Neurohumoral mediator, morphine, transmitter, central nervous system, GABA, serotonin, dopamine

References

• 1. Adam, H. M., Hye, A. and Stephen, W. R. G. – Effect of drugs on the distribution of histamine in the brain and hypophysis of the cat. Biochem. Pharmacol. 12, Suppl. 114, 1963
• 2. Barbea, A. – Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Canad. Med. Ass. J. 87:802, 1962
• 3. Carlsson, A. – Functional significance of drug-induced changes in brain monoamine levels. Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 8, Biogenic Amines, p.9, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1964
• 4. Grossland, J. – Chemical transmission in the central nervous system. J. Pharm. and Pharmacol. 12:1, 1960
• 5. Domer, F. R. and Josselson, F. – Behavioral effect of intravenous morphine administration to unanesthetized dog. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 147:470, 1964
• 6. Editorial – Substance P. Triangle 5:207, 1962
• 7. Feldberg, W. and Paton, W. D. M. – Release of histamine from skin and muscle in the cat by opium alkaloids and other histamine liberators. J. Physiol. 114:490, 1951
• 8. Friedhoff, A. J., Hekimian, L., Alpert, M. and Tobach, E. – Dihydroxyphenylalanine in extrapyramidal disease. JAMA 148:285, 1963
• 9. Gaddum, J. H. – Substances released in nervous activity. First International Pharmacological Meeting, Vol. 8, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1962
• 10. Gal, E. M., Drewes, P. A. and Barraclough, C. A. – Effect of reserpine on serotonin metabolism in tryptophan deficient rats. Biochem. Pharmacol., Aug. 1961, Abstract 106
• 11. Gunne, L-M. – Catecholamine metabolism and morphine abstinence. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 96:205, 1962
• 12. Gunne, L-M. – Catecholamine metabolism in morphine withdrawal in dog. Nature 195:815, 1962
• 13. Gunne, L-M. – Catecholamines and 5-Hydroxytryptamine in morphine tolerance and withdrawal. Acta Physiol. Scand. 58 Suppl. 204, 1963
• 14. Hayashi, T. and Namba, H. – Treatment of epileptic patients by precursor substances of inhibitory transmitters. Biochem. Pharmacol. 12 Suppl. 258, 1963
• 15. Himwich, H. E. – Summary. Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 8, Biogenic Amines, p. 226. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1964
• 16. Isbell, H. and Fraser, H. – Addiction to analgesics and barbiturates. Pharmacol. Rev. 2:375, 1950
• 17. Kaymakçalan, Ş. – Morfine alıştırılmış köpeklerde nalorphine zerki ile husule getirilen morfin abstinens sendromu. Türk Hij. ve Tec. Biol. D. 16:54, 1956
• 18. Kaymakçalan, Ş. – Birinci Internasyonal Farmakoloji Kongresinden Notlar. Tıp Dünyası 35:35, 1962
• 19. Kaymakçalan, Ş. – İkinci Internasyonal Farmakoloji Kongresinden Notlar. A. Ü. Tıp Fak. Mec. 16:523, 1963
• 20. Kells, P. – Pyribenzamine as an adjuvant in the control of morphine withdrawal syndrome. South Med. J. 41:134, 1948
• 21. Kewitz, H. – Gamma-aminobutyrylcholine in the central nervous system. First International Pharmacological Meeting, Vol. 8, Pergamon, Oxford, 1962
• 22. Lewis, G. P. – The inhibition by morphine of the action of stimulants on guinea-pig intestine. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 15:425, 1960
• 23. Maggiolo, C. and Hindobro, F. – Drug influence on morphine abstinence in mice. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 138:157, 1962
• 24. Martin, W. – Analgesic and Antipyretic Drugs. Physiol. Pharmacol. Vol. 1, p. 275, Academic Press, New York, 1963
• 25. Maynert, E. W., Klingman, G. J. and Kaji, H. K. – Tolerance to morphine II. Effects on brain serotonin and GABA. J. P. E. T. 135:296, 1962
• 26. McLennan, H. – Inhibitory factors in the brain. First Int. Pharmacol. Meeting, Vol. 6, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1962
• 27. Schaumann, W. – Paralysing action of morphine on guinea-pig ileum. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 10:456, 1955
• 28. Seevers, M. H. and Deneau, G. A. – Tolerance and physical dependence. Physiol. Pharmacol. Vol. 1, p. 565, Academic Press, New York, 1963
• 29. Segal, M. and Deneau, G. A. – Brain amines during morphine administration and withdrawal in monkeys. Fed. Proc. 21:327, 1962
• 30. Sourkes, T. L. – Diseases with disturbed amine metabolism. Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 8, p. 186. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1964
• 31. Türker, K. and Akçasu, A. – Effect of morphine on 5-HT content of cat brain. Ist. Contr. Clin. Sci. 5:89, 1962
• 32. West, G. B. – Histamine in nervous tissue. Metabolism of the Nervous System, p. 578, Pergamon Press, London, 1957