Research Article
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Evaluation of Pediatricians' Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Year 2025, Volume: 78 Issue: 3, 167 - 176, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1726656

Abstract

Objective: Despite the inclusion of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) in the DSM-5 in 2013, there is limited research assessing physicians’ awareness and knowledge of the disorder. This study aimed to evaluate pediatricians’ knowledge, awareness, clinical experience, and referral practices related to ARFID.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 216 pediatricians (specialists and residents) working in three major hospitals in Ankara, Türkiye. Data were collected using an original, literature-based questionnaire developed by the researchers.
Results: Among participants, 28.5% correctly identified the expanded form of ARFID, and 38% recognized it as a DSM-5-defined eating disorder. A total of 52.3% misclassified body image disturbance as a subtype of ARFID, suggesting a conceptual overlap with anorexia nervosa. While 34.9% reported encountering ARFID cases in their clinical practice, 29.8% had referred such patients to other healthcare professionals. The most commonly reported referral disciplines were child and adolescent psychiatry, pediatric gastroenterology, and dietetics. Only 4.3% of respondents reported feeling competent in managing ARFID, while 90.7% expressed a need for further education and training.
Conclusion: The findings highlight significant gaps in pediatricians’ knowledge and clinical management of ARFID. The development of structured guidelines, standardized diagnostic tools, and targeted training programs is warranted to improve early identification and multidisciplinary management of ARFID in pediatric settings.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
  • Harrison A. Falling through the cracks: UK health professionals’ perspective of diagnosis and treatment for children and adolescents with avoidant/ restrictive food intake disorder. Child Care Pract. 2025;31(1):141–51.
  • Eddy KT, Harshman SG, Becker KR, Bern E, Bryant-Waugh R, Hilbert A, et al. Radcliffe ARFID Workgroup: Toward operationalization of research diagnostic criteria and directions for the field. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):361–6.
  • Coelho JS, Norris ML, Tsai SCE, Wu YJ, Lam PY. Health professionals’ familiarity and experience with providing clinical care for pediatric avoidant/ restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;54(4):587–94.
  • Guss CE, Richmond TK, Forman S. A survey of physician practices on the inpatient medical stabilization of patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. J Eat Disord. 2018;6:22.
  • Magel C, Hewitt K, Dimitropoulos G, von Ranson K, McMorris C. Who is treating ARFID, and how? The need for training for community clinicians. Eat Weight Disord. 2021;26(4):1279–80.
  • Eddy KT, Harshman SG, Becker KR, Bern E, Bryant-Waugh R, Hilbert A, et al. Radcliffe ARFID Workgroup: Toward operationalization of research diagnostic criteria and directions for the field. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):361–6.
  • Bryant-Waugh R, Micali N, Cooke L, Lawson EA, Eddy KT, Thomas JJ. Development of the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview, a multi-informant, semi-structured interview of feeding disorders across the lifespan: A pilot study for ages 10–22. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):378–87.
  • Schmidt R, Kirsten T, Hiemisch A, Kiess W, Hilbert A. Interview-based assessment of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID): A pilot study evaluating an ARFID module for the Eating Disorder Examination. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):388–97.
  • Katzman DK, Stevens K, Norris M. Redefining feeding and eating disorders: What is avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder? Paediatr Child Health. 2014;19(8):445–6.
  • Seike K, Nakazato M, Hanazawa H, Ohtani T, Niitsu T, Ishikawa SI, et al. A questionnaire survey regarding the support needed by Yogo teachers to take care of students suspected of having eating disorders (second report). BioPsychoSoc Med. 2016;10:28.
  • Bourne L, Bryant-Waugh R, Cook J, Mandy W. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: A systematic scoping review of the current literature. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112961.
  • Norris ML, Spettigue W, Hammond N, Katzman DK, Zucker N, Yelle K, et al. Building evidence for the use of descriptive subtypes in youth with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51(2):170–3.
  • Strand M, von Hausswolff-Juhlin Y, Welch E. A systematic scoping review of diagnostic validity in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):331–60.
  • Norris ML, Spettigue WJ, Katzman DK. Update on eating disorders: Current perspectives on avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in children and youth. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:213–8.

Pediatristlerin Kaçıngan Kısıtlı Gıda Alım Bozukluğu Hakkındaki Farkındalık, Bilgi ve Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 78 Issue: 3, 167 - 176, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1726656

Abstract

Amaç: Kaçıngan/Kısıtlayıcı Gıda Alım Bozukluğu (ARFID), DSM-5’te 2013’de tanımlanmasına rağmen hekimlerin bu konu hakkındaki farkındalık ve bilgi seviyesi literatürde yeteri kadar çalışılmamıştır. Bu çalışma, pediatri hekimlerinin ARFID’e ilişkin bilgi düzeyini, farkındalığını, klinik deneyimlerini ve yönlendirme davranışlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Ankara’daki üç büyük hastanede görev yapan 216 pediatri uzmanı ve asistanıyla yürütülen bu kesitsel araştırmada, veri toplama aracı olarak literatüre dayalı özgün bir anket formu kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan pediatristlerin %28,5’i ARFID’nin açılımını bildiğini, %38’i ise bu bozukluğun DSM-5’te tanımlı olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Ayrıca, %52,3’lük bir kısmı beden algısı bozukluğunu ARFID alt tipi olarak belirtmiş, bu da anoreksiya nervoza ile kavramsal karışıklık yaşandığını göstermektedir. Katılımcıların %34,9’u mesleki yaşamlarında ARFID olgusu ile karşılaştığını, %29,8’i ise bu grup hastayı başka bir uzmana yönlendirdiğini ifade etmiştir. En sık yönlendirilen disiplinler çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi, pediatrik gastroenteroloji ve diyetisyenlik olmuştur. Hekimlerin yalnızca %4,3’ü ARFID yönetiminde kendini yetkin hissettiğini ifade etmiş, %90,7’si ise bu konuda ek eğitim ihtiyacı olduğunu belirtmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada pediatristlerin ARFID’e yönelik bilgi düzeyi, tanı süreci ve yönlendirme uygulamalarında yetersizlikler olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda yapılandırılmış rehberlerin, tanısal araçların ve hedefe yönelik eğitim programlarının geliştirilmesinin pediatri hasta bakım uygulamalarına katkı sağlayabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
  • Harrison A. Falling through the cracks: UK health professionals’ perspective of diagnosis and treatment for children and adolescents with avoidant/ restrictive food intake disorder. Child Care Pract. 2025;31(1):141–51.
  • Eddy KT, Harshman SG, Becker KR, Bern E, Bryant-Waugh R, Hilbert A, et al. Radcliffe ARFID Workgroup: Toward operationalization of research diagnostic criteria and directions for the field. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):361–6.
  • Coelho JS, Norris ML, Tsai SCE, Wu YJ, Lam PY. Health professionals’ familiarity and experience with providing clinical care for pediatric avoidant/ restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;54(4):587–94.
  • Guss CE, Richmond TK, Forman S. A survey of physician practices on the inpatient medical stabilization of patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. J Eat Disord. 2018;6:22.
  • Magel C, Hewitt K, Dimitropoulos G, von Ranson K, McMorris C. Who is treating ARFID, and how? The need for training for community clinicians. Eat Weight Disord. 2021;26(4):1279–80.
  • Eddy KT, Harshman SG, Becker KR, Bern E, Bryant-Waugh R, Hilbert A, et al. Radcliffe ARFID Workgroup: Toward operationalization of research diagnostic criteria and directions for the field. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):361–6.
  • Bryant-Waugh R, Micali N, Cooke L, Lawson EA, Eddy KT, Thomas JJ. Development of the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview, a multi-informant, semi-structured interview of feeding disorders across the lifespan: A pilot study for ages 10–22. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):378–87.
  • Schmidt R, Kirsten T, Hiemisch A, Kiess W, Hilbert A. Interview-based assessment of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID): A pilot study evaluating an ARFID module for the Eating Disorder Examination. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):388–97.
  • Katzman DK, Stevens K, Norris M. Redefining feeding and eating disorders: What is avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder? Paediatr Child Health. 2014;19(8):445–6.
  • Seike K, Nakazato M, Hanazawa H, Ohtani T, Niitsu T, Ishikawa SI, et al. A questionnaire survey regarding the support needed by Yogo teachers to take care of students suspected of having eating disorders (second report). BioPsychoSoc Med. 2016;10:28.
  • Bourne L, Bryant-Waugh R, Cook J, Mandy W. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: A systematic scoping review of the current literature. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112961.
  • Norris ML, Spettigue W, Hammond N, Katzman DK, Zucker N, Yelle K, et al. Building evidence for the use of descriptive subtypes in youth with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51(2):170–3.
  • Strand M, von Hausswolff-Juhlin Y, Welch E. A systematic scoping review of diagnostic validity in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):331–60.
  • Norris ML, Spettigue WJ, Katzman DK. Update on eating disorders: Current perspectives on avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in children and youth. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:213–8.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Eating Behaviours
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ayşe Gül Güven 0000-0003-3129-4315

Serçin Taşar 0000-0002-1197-1000

Deniz Güven 0000-0002-4293-910X

Simay Mirioğlu 0000-0003-1885-6635

Cemal Koçak 0000-0003-4799-5669

Zehra Aycan 0000-0003-4584-2976

Publication Date September 30, 2025
Submission Date June 24, 2025
Acceptance Date July 23, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 78 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Güven, A. G., Taşar, S., Güven, D., … Mirioğlu, S. (2025). Evaluation of Pediatricians’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 78(3), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1726656
AMA Güven AG, Taşar S, Güven D, Mirioğlu S, Koçak C, Aycan Z. Evaluation of Pediatricians’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. September 2025;78(3):167-176. doi:10.65092/autfm.1726656
Chicago Güven, Ayşe Gül, Serçin Taşar, Deniz Güven, Simay Mirioğlu, Cemal Koçak, and Zehra Aycan. “Evaluation of Pediatricians’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 78, no. 3 (September 2025): 167-76. https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1726656.
EndNote Güven AG, Taşar S, Güven D, Mirioğlu S, Koçak C, Aycan Z (September 1, 2025) Evaluation of Pediatricians’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 78 3 167–176.
IEEE A. G. Güven, S. Taşar, D. Güven, S. Mirioğlu, C. Koçak, and Z. Aycan, “Evaluation of Pediatricians’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 167–176, 2025, doi: 10.65092/autfm.1726656.
ISNAD Güven, Ayşe Gül et al. “Evaluation of Pediatricians’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 78/3 (September2025), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1726656.
JAMA Güven AG, Taşar S, Güven D, Mirioğlu S, Koçak C, Aycan Z. Evaluation of Pediatricians’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2025;78:167–176.
MLA Güven, Ayşe Gül et al. “Evaluation of Pediatricians’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 78, no. 3, 2025, pp. 167-76, doi:10.65092/autfm.1726656.
Vancouver Güven AG, Taşar S, Güven D, Mirioğlu S, Koçak C, Aycan Z. Evaluation of Pediatricians’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2025;78(3):167-76.