Clinical-haemostasis assessment of anaesthesia regimens in dogs with the somatic type of pain response

Year 2024, Volume: 71 Issue: 1, 73 - 79, 02.01.2024

Sergii Rublenko Mykhailo Rublenko Andriy Yaremchuk Tetiana Bakhur Kavalıauskene1

https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.979508

Abstract

The article investigates into the influence of somatic pain syndrome during osteosynthesis on dogs’ clinical parameters and haemostasis. It was found, that the best variant for osteosynthesis operations in dogs is acepromazine-butorphanol-propofol-ketamine anaesthesia. This regimen has provided complete analgesia in half the time recovery of dogs without significant changes in heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), blood pressure (BP), and haemoglobin saturation (SpO2) during surgery. Acepromazine-ketamine-thiopental anaesthesia has showed pronounced analgesia with a decrease in HR and BP. Xylazine-ketamine-thiopental anaesthesia, under apparent analgesia, led to hypotension (decreased HR, BP) and hypoxia (decreased RR, SpO2). The hypercoagulable syndrome was recorded in dogs of all experimental groups before surgery. It indicates the urgent need for its correction in the postoperative period. The data obtained will optimize the selection of drugs’ combinations for dogs' anaesthesia, taking into account the type of pain response.

Keywords

Bone fractures, canine, osteosynthesis, somatic innervation, visceral innervation, Surgery

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Approval number: 23.10.2018 / №2, conclusion 5).

Supporting Institution

Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Kyiv region, Ukraine)

Thanks

The author's team expresses its gratitude to the Clinic's of Small Animal Diseases staff of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University for their support and assistance in conducting experimental research.

References

• Armstrong AJ, Bruce M, Adams R, et al (2019): Injuries involving the central tarsal bone in non-racing dogs: Short-term outcomes and prognostic factors. Vet Surg, 48, 524–536.
• Asif M, Khan MA, Akbar H, et al (2021): Effects of detomidine and midazolam administered alone orcombined, on induction dose and quality of propofol and ketamine anesthesia in goats. J Anim Plant Sci, 31, 441–449.
• Baker TF, Torabinejad M, Schwartz SE, et al (2009): Effect of Intraosseous Anesthesia on Control of Hemostasis in Pigs. J Endod, 35, 1543–1545.
• Barr CA, Alvarado F, Chang YM, et al (2021): The impact of alfaxalone, propofol and ketamine on canine peripheral blood lymphocyte cytotoxicity in vitro. Res Vet Sci, 136, 182–184.
• Basbaum, AI, Bautista DM, Scherrer G, et al (2009): Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pain. Cell, 139, 267–284.
• Bouabdallah R, Meghiref FZ, Azzag N, et al (2020): Conservative management of pelvic fractures in dogs and cats in Algiers: Incidence and long-term clinical outcomes. Vet World, 13, 2416–2421.
• Brownlee RD, Kass PH, Sammak RL (2020): Blood Pressure Reference Intervals for Ketamine-sedated Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci, 59, 24–29.
• Bruniges N, Rioja E (2019): Intraoperative anaesthetic complications in dogs undergoing general anaesthesia for thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy: a retrospective analysis. Vet Anaesth Analg, 46, 720–728.
• Cervero F (2009): Visceral versus Somatic Pain: Similarities and Differences. Dig Dis, 27, 3–10.
• Davis KD (2003): Neurophysiological and anatomical considerations in functional imaging of pain. Pain, 105, 1–3.
• Dubova O, Feshchenko D, Bakhur T, et al (2020): Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome as a complication in acute spontaneous canine babesiosis. Mac Vet Rev, 43, 141–149.
• Essner A, Hogberg H, Zetterberg L, et al (2020): Investigating the Probability of Response Bias in Owner-Perceived Pain Assessment in Dogs With Osteoarthritis. Top Companion Anim Med, 39, 100407.
• Gangnus T, Burckhardt BB (2021): Targeted LC-MS/MS platform for the comprehensive determination of peptides in the kallikrein-kinin system. Anal Bioanal Chem, 413, 2971–2984.
• Gao XY, Han S, Huang Q, et al (2021): Calcium imaging in population of dorsal root ganglion neurons unravels novel mechanisms of visceral pain sensitization and referred somatic hypersensitivity. Pain, 162, 1068–1081.
• Garbin M, Portela DA, Bertolizio G, et al (2020): Description of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block technique and evaluation of injectate spread in canine cadavers. Vet Anaesth Anal, 47, 249–258.
• Genzen JR, Tormey CA, Acad Clinical Lab Phys S (2011): Pathology Consultation on Reporting of Critical Values. Am J Clin Pathol, 135, 505–513.
• Girolami JP, Bouby N, Richer-Giudicelli C, et al (2021): Kinins and Kinin Receptors in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases. Pharmaceuticals, 14, 240.
• Greunz EM, Limon D, Petersen RL, et al (2021): The impact of vatinoxan on medetomidine-ketamine-midazolam immobilization in Patagonian maras (Dolichotis patagonum). Vet Anaesth Anal, 48, 372–379.
• Grubb T, Lobprise H (2020): Local and regional anaesthesia in dogs and cats: Descriptions of specific local and regional techniques (Part 2). Vet Med Sci, 6, 218–234.
• Holovakha VI, Piddubnyak OV, Bakhur TI, et al (2018): Changes in erythrocytopoesis indices in dogs with babesiosis. Regul Mech Biosyst, 9, 379–383.
• Kibar M, Tuna B, Kisadere I, et al (2019): Comparison of instilled lidocaine and procaine effects on pain relief in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Isr J Vet Med, 74, 148–154.
• Kim S, Rahman MM, Chul P, et al (2020): Diagnosis and surgical treatment of bilateral ureteral calculi, hydronephrosis, pyometra, pyocolpos, vestibulovaginal stenosis, and imperforate hymen in a dog: A rare critical case report. J Adv Vet Anim Res, 7, 384–390.
• Kuczynska K, Boncler M (2020): Emerging Role of Fentanyl in Antiplatelet Therapy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 76, 267–275.
• Lopez DJ, Holm SA, Korten B, et al (2021): Comparison of patient outcomes following enterotomy versus intestinal resection and anastomosis for treatment of intestinal foreign bodies in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 258, 1378–1385.
• Mankin KMT, Jeffery ND, Kerwin SC (2021): The impact of a surgical checklist on surgical outcomes in an academic institution. Vet Surg, 50, 848–857.
• Mirschberger V, von Deimling C, Heider A, et al (2020): Fentanyl Plasma Concentrations after Application of a Transdermal Patch in Three Different Locations to Refine Postoperative Pain Management in Rabbits. Animals, 10, 1778.
• Muller CP, Pum ME, Amato D, et al (2011): The in vivo neurochemistry of the brain during general anesthesia. J Neurochem, 119, 419–446.
• Peden RSE, Camerlink I, Boyle LA, et al (2020): Belief in Pigs' Capacity to Suffer: An Assessment of Pig Farmers, Veterinarians, Students, and Citizens. Anthrozoos, 33, 21–36.
• Pinna S, Lanzi F, Tassani C, et al (2020): Intra-articular replacement of a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament using the Mini-TightRope in the dog: a preliminary study. J Vet Sci, 21, e53.
• Riphaus A, Geist C, Schrader K, et al (2012): Intermittent manually controlled versus continuous infusion of propofol for deep sedation during interventional endoscopy: A prospective randomized trial. Scand J Gastroenterol, 47, 1078–1085.
• Romero TRL, Castor M, Parrella C, et al (2020): alpha(2)-Adrenoceptor agonist induces peripheral antinociception via the endocannabinoid system. Pharmacol Rep, 72, 96–103.
• Rublenko SV, Rublenko MV, Vlasenko VM (2014): Mechanisms of pain response and their correction in animals: guidelines. Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Bila Tserkva.
• Schneck E, Mallek F, Schiederich J, et al (2020): Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Shows an Association with Hypercoagulation in Septic Shock and Hypocoagulation in Postsurgical Systemic Inflammation-A Proof-of-Concept Study. J Clin Med, 9, 174.
• Serra F, Aste G, Citi S, et al (2021): Computed Tomography in Polytraumatized Patients: A Retrospective Study of 63 Cases (2014-2017). Pakistan Vet J, 41, 7–12.
• Silva E, Schumacher J, Passler T (2020): Castration of Dogs Using Local Anesthesia After Sedating With Xylazine and Subanesthetic Doses of Ketamine. Front Vet Sci, 6, 478.
• Slovak JE, Turbeville C, Grubb T (2020): Assessment of Veterinary Students' Responses to Questions Regarding Small Animal Pain Recognition and Analgesic Treatment Options. J Vet Med Educ, 47, 482–487.
• Sugiyama K, Suzuki S, Maruno K, et al (2019): Pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension with active Crohn's disease. Surg Case Rep, 5, 59.
• Taharabaru S, Satomoto M, Tamura T, et al (2018): Smaller effect of propofol than sevoflurane anesthesia on dopamine turnover induced by methamphetamine and nomifensine in the rat striatum: an in vivo microdialysis study. Exp Anim, 67, 147–153.
• Tomacheuski RM, Taffarel MO, Ferrante M, et al (2020): Preliminary survey of the attitudes of Brazilian scientists towards pain management and assessment in animals used in science. Vet Anaesth Analg, 47, 647–656.
• Tomsic K, Rakinic K, Sokolov C, et al (2021): A survey study on the recognition and treatment of pain in dogs and cats by Slovenian veterinarians. Vet Anaesth Analg, 48, 334–343.
• Vullo C, Tambella AM, Falcone A, et al (2021): Constant Rate Infusion of Lidocaine, Tumescent Anesthesia and Their Combination in Dogs Undergoing Unilateral Mastectomy. Animals, 11, 1280.
• Vuralli D, Wattiez AS, Russo AF, et al (2019): Behavioral and cognitive animal models in headache research. J Headache Pain, 20, 11.
• Zhang JM, Wang F, Xin Z, et al (2015): Treatment of different-aged children under bispectral index monitoring with intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 19, 64–69.