Suç Korkusuna Teorik Bir Yaklaşım

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 224 - 241, 30.09.2023

Mehmet Demirbaş , Abdullah Çelik , Niyazi Umut Akıncıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.48139/aybukulliye.1339633

Abstract

Suç korkusu çalışmaları 1960’lı yıllarda ortaya çıkmıştır. Kriminoloji, sosyoloji ve psikoloji gibi disiplinlerde çalışılan önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bir toplumda yüksek suç oranlarını anlamak ve çözüme kavuşturmak için kullanılabilecek en iyi yöntemlerden biri de suç korkusudur. Suç korkusu genellikle, bireyin hangi suç türlerinden, hangi sebeplerle korktuğunu anlamak, bu konuda bulgulara ve gözlemlere dayalı çıkarımlar yapmak ve bu çıkarımları bir sonuca dönüştürmek amacıyla çalışılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, problemi tanımlamak için kullanılabilecek önemli bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada da suç korkusuna teorik yönden bir analiz yapılmaya çalışılmış ve yine teorik olarak farklı bakış açılarından yararlanılarak suç korkusu kavramı üzerine bir tanım yapılmıştır. Buna ek olarak, literatürde yer almış önemli çalışmalar analiz edilerek ortak bulgular bir araya getirilmiştir. Bu sayede, cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim durumu ve gelir düzeyi gibi çeşitli demografik özelliklerin bireylerin suç korkusu skorlarındaki etkilerine dair genel durumu gösteren bir çerçeve çizilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, suç korku skoru yüksek olan bireylerde ve toplumlarda hangi durumların meydana gelebileceğine dair de bir analiz yapılmıştır. Son olarak bireyin ve toplumların kendilerini mağdur olmaktan korurken yeni suç oluşmasına neden olabilecek ortamları nasıl oluşturduğuna dair döngüsel süreç gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

Suç Korkusu, Suç Oranları, Savunmasızlık Teorisi, Mağduriyet Teorisi

A Theoretical Approach to Fear of Crime

Abstract

Fear of crime studies increased in the 1960s. It has become an important subject studied in disciplines such as criminology, sociology, and psychology. One of the best ways to understand and solve the high crime rates in a society is the fear of crime. Fear of crime is studied to understand what types of crime the individual fears and for what reason. Hence, it is an important method that can be used to identify the problem. In this study, it has been tried to make a theoretical analysis of fear of crime. With the theoretical study, a definition of fear of crime has been made from different perspectives. In addition, important studies in the literature were analyzed and common findings were brought together. In this way, it was desired to take a picture of the effects of various demographic characteristics such as gender, age, education level and income level on individuals' fear of crime scores. In addition, an analysis was made about what can happen in individuals and societies with high fear of crime scores. It has been tried to show the cyclical process of how individuals and societies create environments that can lead to new crime while protecting themselves from being victimized.

Keywords

Fear of Crime, Crime Rates, Vulnerability Theory, Victimization Theory

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