Ergenlerde Ruh Sağlığı Problemlerinin Latent Profil Analizi İle İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 567 - 584

Fuat Tanhan

https://doi.org/10.48139/aybukulliye.1638166

Abstract

Özet: Bu araştırmada, ergenlerin psikososyal gelişim süreçlerinde yaşadıkları güçlüklerin belirlenmesi ve farklı güçlük profillerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Betimsel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, 647 ergen üzerinde Güçler ve Güçlükler Anketi (SDQ) uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları, ergenlerin duygusal, davranışsal, hiperaktivite ve akran sorunları gibi farklı zorluklarla karşılaştığını göstermektedir. Latent profil analizi sonuçları, ergenlerin üç temel grupta toplandığını ortaya koymuştur. İlk grupta, bireylerin duygusal ve davranışsal güçlüklerinin düşük düzeyde olduğu; ikinci grupta, duygusal problemlerin belirgin şekilde öne çıktığı; üçüncü grupta ise sosyal işlevsellikte zayıflık ve yoğun güçlüklerin görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, ergenlik dönemindeki bireylerin yaşadığı sorunların çok boyutlu bir perspektifle ele alınması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Özellikle, akran zorbalığı, sosyal dışlanma ve stres gibi faktörlerin bireylerin psikososyal gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri dikkat çekmektedir. Araştırma, ergenlerin bireysel farklılıklarına uygun stratejiler geliştirilmesinin hem bireysel hem de toplumsal düzeyde sağlıklı gelişim için kritik olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

ergenlik , psikososyal faktörler , ruh sağlığı , duygusal ve davranışsal problemler , latent analysis

Investigation of Mental Health Problems in Adolescents Using Latent Profile Analysis

Abstract

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the challenges adolescents face during their psychosocial development and examine their distinct difficulty profiles. Using a descriptive survey model, data were collected from 647 adolescents through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings revealed that adolescents experience various challenges, including emotional, behavioral, hyperactivity, and peer-related problems. Results from latent profile analysis indicated three main groups: the first group exhibited low levels of emotional and behavioral difficulties; the second group demonstrated prominent emotional problems; and the third group showed poor social functioning alongside intense difficulties. These findings highlight the necessity of addressing the issues adolescents face from a multidimensional perspective. Factors such as peer bullying, social exclusion, and stress significantly impact adolescents' psychosocial development. The study underscores the importance of developing strategies tailored to adolescents' individual differences to support healthy development on both individual and societal levels. However, the study's limitations include its focus on a specific geographical region and socioeconomic groups, as well as the reliance on self-reported data, which restricts generalizability.

Keywords

adolescence , psychosocial factors , mental health, , emotional and behavioral problems

References

• Allison, S. E., Von Wahlde, L., Shockley, T., ve Gabbard, G. O. (2006). The development of the self in the era of the internet and role-playing fantasy games. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(3), 381-385.
• Andersen, S. L., ve Teicher, M. H. (2008). Stress, sensitive periods and maturational events in adolescent depression.Trends in Neurosciences, 31(4), 183-191.
• Arseneault, L., Bowes, L., ve Shakoor, S. (2010). Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems:‘Much ado about nothing’?. Psychological Medicine, 40(5), 717-729.
• Banaschewski, T., Becker, K., Döpfner, M., Holtmann, M., Rösler, M., ve Romanos, M. (2017). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a current overview. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 114(9), 149.
• Bauer, T. (2018). Müphemlik kültürü ve islâm: farklı bir islâm tarihi okuması (T. Bora, Trans.). İletişim Yayınları. (Original work published 2011).
• Brendgen, M., Vitaro, F., ve M. Bukowski, W. (2000). Deviant friends and early adolescents' emotional and behavioral adjustment. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10(2), 173-189.
• Burke, J. D., Rowe, R., ve Boylan, K. (2014). Functional outcomes of child and adolescent oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in young adult men. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(3), 264-272.
• Buwalda, B., Geerdink, M., Vidal, J., ve Koolhaas, J. M. (2011). Social behavior and social stress in adolescence: a focus on animal models. Neuroscience ve Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(8), 1713-1721.
• Cadwallader, T. W., ve Cairns, R. B. (2002). Developmental influences and gang awareness among african‐american inner city youth. Social Development, 11(2), 245-265.
• Cairns, R. B., Leung, M. C., Buchanan, L., ve Cairns, B. D. (1995). Friendships and social networks in childhood and adolescence: Fluidity, reliability, and interrelations. Child Development, 66(5), 1330-1345.
• Christie, D., ve Viner, R. (2005). Adolescent development. Bmj, 330(7486), 301-304.
• Cicchetti, D., ve Rogosch, F. A. (2002). A developmental psychopathology perspective on adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 6.
• Çelikkalp, Ü., ve Irmak, A. Y. (2022). Ergenlerde psikososyal sorunlar ile ilişkili risk faktörleri. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, 12(2), 245-254.
• Dishion, T. J., Patterson, G. R., Stoolmiller, M., ve Skinner, M. L. (1991). Family, school, and behavioral antecedents to early adolescent involvement with antisocial peers. Developmental Psychology, 27(1), 172.
• Dishion, T. J., Nelson, S. E., ve Bullock, B. M. (2004). Premature adolescent autonomy: Parent disengagement and deviant peer process in the amplification of problem behaviour. Journal of Adolescence, 27(5), 515-530.
• Donnelly, J., Young, M., Pearson, R., Penhollow, T. M., ve Hernandez, A. (2008). Area specific self-esteem, values, and adolescent substance use. Journal of Drug Education, 38(4), 389-403.
• Eiland, L., ve Romeo, R. D. (2013). Stress and the developing adolescent brain. Neuroscience, 249, 162-171.
• Espejo, E. P., Hammen, C. L., Connolly, N. P., Brennan, P. A., Najman, J. M., ve Bor, W. (2007). Stress sensitization and adolescent depressive severity as a function of childhood adversity: a link to anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 287-299.
• Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity youth and crisis (No. 7). WW Norton ve company.
• Frisén, A., Jonsson, A. K., ve Persson, C. (2007). Adolescents'perceptıon of bullyıng: who is the victim? who is the bully? what can be done to stop bullying? Adolescence, 42(168).
• Feinstein, E. C., Richter, L., ve Foster, S. E. (2012). Addressing the critical health problem of adolescent substance use through health care, research, and public policy. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(5), 431-436.
• Gaete, V. (2015). Desarrollo psicosocial del adolescente. Revista Chilena de Pediatría, 86(6), 436-443.
• Gladstone, G. L., Parker, G. B., ve Malhi, G. S. (2006). Do bullied children become anxious and depressed adults?: A cross-sectional investigation of the correlates of bullying and anxious depression. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(3), 201-208.
• Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(5),581-586.
• Griethuijsen, R., Eijck, M. W., Haste, H., Brok, P. J., Skinner, N. C., Mansour, N., et al. (2014). Global patterns in students’ views of science and interest in science. Research in Science Education, 45(4), 581–603.
• Gutman, D. A., ve Nemeroff, C. B. (2003). Persistent central nervous system effects of an adverse early environment: clinical and preclinical studies. Physiology ve Behavior, 79(3), 471-478.
• Güvenir, T., Özbek, A., Baykara, B., Arkar, H., Şentürk, B., ve İncekaş, S. (2008). Güçler ve güçlükler anketi’nin (gga) Türkçe uyarlamasinin psikometrik özellikleri. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 15(2), 65-74.
• Heim, C. M., Entringer, S., ve Buss, C. (2019). Translating basic research knowledge on the biological embedding of early-life stress into novel approaches for the developmental programming of lifelong health. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 105, 123-137.
• Jabbari, B., Schoo, C., ve Rouster, A. S. (2023). Family dynamics. StatPearls Publishing.
• Kalafat, A. (2019). Ergenlerde kimlik gelişimi, başarı amaç yönelimi ve bilişsel karmaşıklık arasındaki yordayıcı ilişkilerin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Karasar, N. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
• Kazda, L., McGeechan, K., Bell, K., Thomas, R., ve Barratt, A. (2022). Association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis with adolescent quality of life. JAMA Network Open, 5(10).
• Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford press.
• Krause, K. H., Dresel, S. H., Krause, J., Kung, H. F., ve Tatsch, K. (2000). Increased striatal dopamine transporter in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of methylphenidate as measured by single photon emission computed tomography. Neuroscience Letters, 285(2), 107-110.
• Marcia, J. E. (2002). Identity and psychosocial development in adulthood. Identity: An International Journal of Theory And Research, 2(1), 7-28.
• Mastorci, F., Piaggi, P., Doveri, C., Trivellini, G., Casu, A., Pozzi, M., ... ve Pingitore, A. (2021). Health-related quality of life in Italian adolescents during COVID-19 outbreak. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9, 611136.
• Mcfarlane, A., Clark, C. R., Bryant, R. A., Williams, L. M., Niaura, R., Paul, R. H., ... ve Gordon, E. (2005). The impact of early life stress on psychophysiological, personality and behavioral measures in 740 non-clinical subjects. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 4(01), 27-40.
• Meeus, W. (2016). Adolescent psychosocial development: A review of longitudinal models and research. Developmental Psychology, 52(12), 1969.
• Muthén, B., ve Muthén, L. K. (2000). Integrating person‐centered and variable‐centered analyses: Growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes. Alcoholism: Clinical and Eexperimental Research, 24(6), 882-891.
• Nicolson, D., ve Ayers, H. (2012). Adolescent problems. David Fulton Publishers.
• Noom, M. J., Deković, M., ve Meeus, W. H. (1999). Autonomy, attachment and psychosocial adjustment during adolescence: a double‐edged sword?. Journal of Adolescence, 22(6), 771-783.
• Orenstein, G. A., ve Lewis, L. (2022). Eriksons stages of psychosocial development. StatPearls Publishing.
• Park, Y., ve Lee, S. (2022). Gender differences in smartphone addiction and depression among Korean adolescents: Focusing on the internal mechanisms of attention deficit and self-control. Computers in Human Behavior, 136, 107400.
• Paus, T., Keshavan, M., ve Giedd, J. N. (2008). Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence?. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(12), 947-957.
• Pipe, A., Ravindran, N., Paric, A., Patterson, B., Van Ameringen, M., ve Ravindran, A. V. (2022). Treatments for child and adolescent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in low and middle-income countries: A narrative review. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 76, 103232.
• Polanczyk, G. V., Salum, G. A., Sugaya, L. S., Caye, A., ve Rohde, L. A. (2015). Annual research review: A meta‐analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(3), 345-365.
• Salvucci, S., Walter, E., Conley, V., Fink, S., ve Saba, M. (1997). Measurement error studies at the national center for education statistics.
• Rask, K., Åstedt‐Kurki, P., Paavilainen, E., ve Laippala, P. (2003). Adolescent subjective well‐being and family dynamics. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 17(2), 129-138.
• Romeo, R. D., ve McEwen, B. S. (2006). Stress and the adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094(1), 202-214.
• Regnerus, M. D., ve Burdette, A. (2006). Religious change and adolescent family dynamics. The Sociological Quarterly, 47(1), 175-194.
• Sawyer, S. M., Azzopardi, P. S., Wickremarathne, D., ve Patton, G. C. (2018). The age of adolescence. The Lancet Child ve Adolescent Health, 2(3), 223-228.
• Scheller‐Gilkey, G., Woolwine, B. J., Cooper, I., Gay, O., Moynes, K. A., ve Miller, A. H. (2003). Relationship of clinical symptoms and substance use in schizophrenia patients on conventional versus atypical antipsychotics. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29(3), 553-566.
• Schindler, A., ve Bröning, S. (2015). A review on attachment and adolescent substance abuse: empirical evidence and implications for prevention and treatment. Substance abuse, 36(3), 304-313.x
• Selçuk, H. N., ve Aslan, S. (2022). Ergenlik dönemi, psikolojik zihinlilik, ebeveyne bağlanma stilleri ve aleksitimi kavramları üzerine bir derleme. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 719-735.
• Shaw, P., ve Sudre, G. (2021). Adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: understanding teenage symptom trajectories. Biological Psychiatry, 89(2), 152-161.
• Shiel, G., ve Cartwright. F. (2015). Analyzing data from a national assessment of educational achievement. World Bank Group.
• Singh, A., Yeh, C. J., Verma, N., ve Das, A. K. (2015). Overview of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in young children. Health Psychology Research, 3(2).
• Sourander, A., Helstelä, L., Helenius, H., ve Piha, J. (2000). Persistence of bullying from childhood to adolescence—a longitudinal 8-year follow-up study. Child Abuse ve Neglect, 24(7), 873-881.
• Spear, L. P. (2000). The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations. Neuroscience ve Biobehavioral Reviews, 24(4), 417-463.
• Spurk, D., Hirschi, A., Wang, M., Valero, D., ve Kauffeld, S. (2020). Latent profile analysis: A review and “how to” guide of its application within vocational behavior research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 120, 103445.
• Steinberg, L. D. (2014). Age of opportunity: Lessons from the new science of adolescence. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
• Stuart, J., ve Jose, P. E. (2012). The influence of discrepancies between adolescent and parent ratings of family dynamics on the well-being of adolescents. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(6), 858.
• Şata, M. (2020). Nicel araştırma yaklaşımları. Oğuz, E. (Ed.), Eğitimde araştırma yöntemleri içinde (s. 77-98). Eğiten kitap Yayıncılık.
• Wender, P. H., ve Tomb, D. A. (2010). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: An overview. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adults, 176, 1-37.
• Windle, M., ve Windle, R. C. (2006). Adolescent temperament and lifetime psychiatric and substance abuse disorders assessed in young adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(1), 15-25.
• World Health Organization. (2024). Working for a brighter, healthier future: How WHO improves health and promotes well-being for the world’s adolescents, Second Edition https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240093966
• Twenge, J. M., Haidt, J., Blake, A. B., McAllister, C., Lemon, H., ve Le Roy, A. (2021). Worldwide increases in adolescent loneliness. Journal of Adolescence, 93, 257-269.