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Koalisyon Karar Birimi Çerçevesinde İsrail’in Dış Politikasının Analizi: Altı Gün Savaşı Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 499 - 516
https://doi.org/10.48139/aybukulliye.1753076

Abstract

İsrail 1948 Savaşı’nda Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) tarafından Yahudi Devleti olarak onayladığı toprakların çok üstüne çıkarak Filistin’in büyük bir kısmını işgal etmiştir. 1967 Altı Gün Savaşı’nda ise Filistin’in geri kalan kısmıyla birlikte Suriye’nin Golan Tepeleri ve Mısır kontrolündeki Sina Yarımadası da İsrail tarafından işgal edilmiştir. Bu işgal, günümüzde İsrail Filistin arasındaki çatışmaya bir çözüm olarak İsrail’in Altı Gün Savaşı’ndan önceki sınırlarına dönmesi ile ilgili bir politik duruşun ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Çoğu devlet Ortadoğu’da barışın sağlanması için İsrail’in 1967 öncesi sınırlarına dönmesini savunmaktadır. İsrail’in Altı Gün Savaşı’ndaki işgalin altında yatan temel motivasyonun ne olduğu, bu işgalin karar aşamasında kimlerin oldukları ve hangi ideolojik arka plana sahip olduklarını açığa çıkarmak bu çalışmanın ana amacıdır. Buna göre; bu çalışma, İsrail’in dış politika karar aşamalarında belirleyici olan koalisyon hükümetlerinin Altı Gün Savaşı’ndaki karar alma süreçlerini ele almaktadır. Bu bağlamda Margaret Hermann, Charles Hermann ve Joe Hagan tarafından ortaya atılan karar birimi kuramı çerçevesinde İsrail’in koalisyon karar biriminin kararları analiz edilmiştir. Bu çerçevede yapılan analizde hükümet içinde yer alan bazı küçük partilerin hem hükümetin kurulmasında hem de önemli kararlarda anahtar rol oynadıkları bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. Bu bulgular sonucunda İsrail, koalisyon hükümetleri tarafından yönetildiği için bu koalisyonlar içinde küçük partilerin hayati kararların alınmasında belirleyici bir rol oynadıkları tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Allison G.T. (1969). Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis, The American Political Science Review, 63 (3), 689-718. https://doi.org/10.2307/1954423
  • Allison G.T. (1969). Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis, The American Political Science Review, 63 (3), 689-718. https://doi.org/10.2307/1954423
  • Bar-On, M. (2012). Moshe Dayan: Israel’s controversial hero. (1st ed.). Yale University Press.
  • BBC News Türkçe. “İsrail’de muhalefet koalisyon için anlaştı, Netanyahu ‘Sol koalisyon ülke için tehdit’ dedi”. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-57330489. (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2021)
  • Black, I. (2018). Komşular ve düşmanlar: Filistin ve İsrail’deki Araplar ve Yahudiler 1917-2017. (Çev. İrem Sağlamer). Pegasus Yayınları.
  • Cashman G., (2014). What causes war? an introduction to theories of international conflict, (2nd Ed). Rowmann &Littlefield.
  • Çuhadar, E. (2012). Dış Politikada Karar Birimleri Açısından Karar Alma Süreçleri ve Türkiye Örneği. E. Efegil, R. Kalaycı (Ed). Dış Politika Teorileri Bağlamında Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi içinde (289-313. ss.). Nobel.
  • Çuhadar‐Gürkaynak E. & Özkeçeci‐Taner, B. (2004). Decision making Process Matters: Lessons Learned from Two Turkish Foreign Policy Cases. Turkish Studies, 5 (2) 43-78, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1468384042000228594
  • Hagan J. D., (1995). Domestic political explanations in the analysis of foreign policy, Foreign Policy Analysis: Continuity and Change in Its Second Generation, , 117-43.
  • Hagan J. D., Everts, P. P., Fukui, H., Stempel, J. D. (2001). Foreign Policy by Coalition: Deadlock, Compromise, and Anarchy. International Studies Review, 3 (2) 169-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/1521-9488.00237
  • Hermann, M.G. (2001). How Decision Units Shape Foreign Policy: A Theoretical Framework. International Studies Review, 3(2), 47-81.https://doi.org/10.1111/1521-9488.00234
  • Hermann M. G., Hermann, C. F. (1989). Who Makes Foreign Policy Decisions and How: An Empirical Inquiry. International Studies Quarterly, 33 (4), s. 361-387https://doi.org/10.2307/2600518
  • Ireland M. J., Gartner, S. S. (2001). Time toFight: Government Type and Conflict Initiation in Parliamentary Systems. TheJournal of Conflict Resolution, 45 (5) 547-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002701045005001
  • İlbaş, S. (2023). Filistin Sorununda İki Devletli Çözüm Yaklaşımının Çöküşü. Toplum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Dergisi, 4(2), 197-213. https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1241970
  • Kaarbo J., Gruenfeld, D. (1998). The Social Psychology of Inter- and Intragroup Conflict in Governmental Politics. Mershon International Studies Review, 42 (2) 226-33. https://doi.org/10.2307/254414 .
  • Kaarbo J. (2015). A Foreign Policy Analysis Perspective on the Domestic Politics Turn in IR Theory. International Studies Review, 17(2), 189-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12213
  • Geller D. S., Singer. J. D. (1998). Nations at war: a scientific study of international conflict. Cambridge University Press.
  • Maoz, Z. (2006). Defending the Holy Land: A Critical Analysis of Israel’s Security & Foreign Policy. Universty. of Michigan Press.
  • Maoz Z., Russett, B. (1993). Normative and Structural Causes of Democratic Peace, 1946-1986. The American Political Science Review, 87 (3) 624-38. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938740
  • Margolick, D. “Peace for Land”. The New York Times, 15 Temmuz 2007, blm. Books. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/15/books/review/Margolick-t.html.(Erişim Tarihi:21.09.2023).
  • Medzini, M. (2017). Golda Meir: A Political Biography. De Gruyter.
  • Mintz A., Derouen K. R. (2010). Understanding foreign policy decision making. Cambridge University Press.
  • Morgenthau H. J., Thompson. K. W. (1993). Politics among nations: the struggle for power and peace, McGraw-Hill.
  • Naor, A. (2005). Behold, Rachel, Behold’: The Six Day War as a Biblical Experience and Its Impact on Israel’s Political Mentality. Journal of Israeli History 24 (2) 229-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/13531040500195745 .
  • Özkececi-Taner B. (2005). The Impact of Institutionalized Ideas in Coalition Foreign Policy Making: Turkey as an Example, 1991–2002. Foreign Policy Analysis, 1(3) 249-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-8594.2005.00012.x
  • Pappe, I. (2007). Modern Filistin Tarihi. (Çev. Nuri Plümer). Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Pedahzur, A. (2012). The triumph of Israel’s radical right. Oxford UniversityPress,
  • Peretz, D. (1983). The government and politics of Israel. (2nd ed). Westview Press.
  • Prins B. C., Sprecher, C. (1999). Institutional Constraints, Political Opposition, And Interstate Dispute Escalation: Evidence from Parliamentary Systems, 1946-89. Journal of Peace Research, 36 (3) 271-87.
  • Raz, A. (2012). The Bride and the dowry: Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinians in the after math of the June 1967 War. Yale University Press.
  • Rıker W. H., (1962). The Theory of Political Coalitions. Yale University Press.
  • Seliktar, O. (1986). New Zionism and the Foreign Policy System of Israel. CroomHelm [u.a.].
  • Singer J. D. (1961). The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations. World Politics, 14(1), 77-92.
  • Shemesh, M. & Tlamim, M. (2002). The IDF Raid on Samu’: The Turning-Point in Jordan’s Relations with Israel and the West Bank Palestinians. Israel Studies 7(1), 139-67.https://doi.org/10.2979/ISR.2002.7.1.139
  • Shilon, A. (2012). Menachem Begin: A Life. Yale University Press.
  • Shlaim, A. (2019). Demir Duvar: Israil ve Arap Dünyasi. (Çev. Tuba Demirci), Küre Yayınları.
  • Tsebelıs G., (1990). Nested Games: Rational Choice in Comparative Politics. University of California Press.
  • Viotti P. R. & Kauppi M. V. (2016). Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorisi, (çev. Metin Aksoy), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Waltz, K. N. (2001). Man, The State and War A Theoretical Analysis. Columbia University Press.
  • Knesset Tutanakları- Altıncı Knessetin 183. oturumu הכנסת. “(דברי הכנסת-הישיבה המאה­ ושמונים ושלוש של הכנסת השישית) (12.6.1967)”. הכנסת,12 Haziran 1967. https://fs.knesset.gov.il//6/Plenum/6_ptm_252713.pdf
  • (11. İsrail Hükümeti) “כל ממשלות ישראל- הממשלה ה-11”. https://main.knesset.gov.il:443/mk/government/pages/governments.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2023).
  • Rozental Y. (2005). ((רוזנטל, ימימה, “דבדים בישיבת המטה הכללי של צה"ל 14 בנובמבר 1966”. İçinde יצחק רבין ראש ממשלת ישראל 1995-1992,1977-1974 מבחר תעודות מפרקי חייו. ירושלים: מדינת ישראל גנזך המדינה, 2005 )
  • Rozental Y. (2002). (.(רוזנטל, ימימהלוי אשכול ראש הממשלה השלישי מבחר תעודות מפרקי חייו (1969-1895). ירושלים: מדינת ישראל ארכיון המדינה, 2002).

Analysis of Israel's Foreign Policy within the Framework of the Coalition Decision-Making Unit: The Example of The Six-Day War

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 499 - 516
https://doi.org/10.48139/aybukulliye.1753076

Abstract

In the 1948 War, Israel occupied a large part of Palestine, far exceeding the territory approved by the United Nations (UN) as a Jewish State. In the 1967 Six-Day War, the rest of Palestine, the Syrian Golan Heights and the Egyptian-controlled Sinai Peninsula were also occupied by Israel. This occupation led to the emergence of a political stance regarding Israel’s return to its pre-Six-Day War borders as a solution to the current Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Most states advocate Israel’s return to its pre-1967 borders in order to achieve peace in the Middle East. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the basic motivation behind Israel’s occupation in the Six-Day War, who were in the decision-making process for this occupation, and what their ideological background was. Accordingly, this study examines the decision-making processes of the coalition governments that were decisive in Israel’s foreign policy decisions during the Six-Day War. In this context, the decisions of Israel's coalition decision-making unit were analyzed within the framework of the decision-making unit theory put forward by Margaret Hermann, Charles Hermann and Joe Hagan. In the analysis made within this framework, it was found that some small parties within the government played a key role both in the formation of the government and in important decisions. As a result of these findings, it was determined that since Israel is governed by coalition governments, small parties within these coalitions play a decisive role in making vital decisions.

References

  • Allison G.T. (1969). Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis, The American Political Science Review, 63 (3), 689-718. https://doi.org/10.2307/1954423
  • Allison G.T. (1969). Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis, The American Political Science Review, 63 (3), 689-718. https://doi.org/10.2307/1954423
  • Bar-On, M. (2012). Moshe Dayan: Israel’s controversial hero. (1st ed.). Yale University Press.
  • BBC News Türkçe. “İsrail’de muhalefet koalisyon için anlaştı, Netanyahu ‘Sol koalisyon ülke için tehdit’ dedi”. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-57330489. (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2021)
  • Black, I. (2018). Komşular ve düşmanlar: Filistin ve İsrail’deki Araplar ve Yahudiler 1917-2017. (Çev. İrem Sağlamer). Pegasus Yayınları.
  • Cashman G., (2014). What causes war? an introduction to theories of international conflict, (2nd Ed). Rowmann &Littlefield.
  • Çuhadar, E. (2012). Dış Politikada Karar Birimleri Açısından Karar Alma Süreçleri ve Türkiye Örneği. E. Efegil, R. Kalaycı (Ed). Dış Politika Teorileri Bağlamında Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi içinde (289-313. ss.). Nobel.
  • Çuhadar‐Gürkaynak E. & Özkeçeci‐Taner, B. (2004). Decision making Process Matters: Lessons Learned from Two Turkish Foreign Policy Cases. Turkish Studies, 5 (2) 43-78, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1468384042000228594
  • Hagan J. D., (1995). Domestic political explanations in the analysis of foreign policy, Foreign Policy Analysis: Continuity and Change in Its Second Generation, , 117-43.
  • Hagan J. D., Everts, P. P., Fukui, H., Stempel, J. D. (2001). Foreign Policy by Coalition: Deadlock, Compromise, and Anarchy. International Studies Review, 3 (2) 169-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/1521-9488.00237
  • Hermann, M.G. (2001). How Decision Units Shape Foreign Policy: A Theoretical Framework. International Studies Review, 3(2), 47-81.https://doi.org/10.1111/1521-9488.00234
  • Hermann M. G., Hermann, C. F. (1989). Who Makes Foreign Policy Decisions and How: An Empirical Inquiry. International Studies Quarterly, 33 (4), s. 361-387https://doi.org/10.2307/2600518
  • Ireland M. J., Gartner, S. S. (2001). Time toFight: Government Type and Conflict Initiation in Parliamentary Systems. TheJournal of Conflict Resolution, 45 (5) 547-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002701045005001
  • İlbaş, S. (2023). Filistin Sorununda İki Devletli Çözüm Yaklaşımının Çöküşü. Toplum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Dergisi, 4(2), 197-213. https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1241970
  • Kaarbo J., Gruenfeld, D. (1998). The Social Psychology of Inter- and Intragroup Conflict in Governmental Politics. Mershon International Studies Review, 42 (2) 226-33. https://doi.org/10.2307/254414 .
  • Kaarbo J. (2015). A Foreign Policy Analysis Perspective on the Domestic Politics Turn in IR Theory. International Studies Review, 17(2), 189-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12213
  • Geller D. S., Singer. J. D. (1998). Nations at war: a scientific study of international conflict. Cambridge University Press.
  • Maoz, Z. (2006). Defending the Holy Land: A Critical Analysis of Israel’s Security & Foreign Policy. Universty. of Michigan Press.
  • Maoz Z., Russett, B. (1993). Normative and Structural Causes of Democratic Peace, 1946-1986. The American Political Science Review, 87 (3) 624-38. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938740
  • Margolick, D. “Peace for Land”. The New York Times, 15 Temmuz 2007, blm. Books. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/15/books/review/Margolick-t.html.(Erişim Tarihi:21.09.2023).
  • Medzini, M. (2017). Golda Meir: A Political Biography. De Gruyter.
  • Mintz A., Derouen K. R. (2010). Understanding foreign policy decision making. Cambridge University Press.
  • Morgenthau H. J., Thompson. K. W. (1993). Politics among nations: the struggle for power and peace, McGraw-Hill.
  • Naor, A. (2005). Behold, Rachel, Behold’: The Six Day War as a Biblical Experience and Its Impact on Israel’s Political Mentality. Journal of Israeli History 24 (2) 229-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/13531040500195745 .
  • Özkececi-Taner B. (2005). The Impact of Institutionalized Ideas in Coalition Foreign Policy Making: Turkey as an Example, 1991–2002. Foreign Policy Analysis, 1(3) 249-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-8594.2005.00012.x
  • Pappe, I. (2007). Modern Filistin Tarihi. (Çev. Nuri Plümer). Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Pedahzur, A. (2012). The triumph of Israel’s radical right. Oxford UniversityPress,
  • Peretz, D. (1983). The government and politics of Israel. (2nd ed). Westview Press.
  • Prins B. C., Sprecher, C. (1999). Institutional Constraints, Political Opposition, And Interstate Dispute Escalation: Evidence from Parliamentary Systems, 1946-89. Journal of Peace Research, 36 (3) 271-87.
  • Raz, A. (2012). The Bride and the dowry: Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinians in the after math of the June 1967 War. Yale University Press.
  • Rıker W. H., (1962). The Theory of Political Coalitions. Yale University Press.
  • Seliktar, O. (1986). New Zionism and the Foreign Policy System of Israel. CroomHelm [u.a.].
  • Singer J. D. (1961). The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations. World Politics, 14(1), 77-92.
  • Shemesh, M. & Tlamim, M. (2002). The IDF Raid on Samu’: The Turning-Point in Jordan’s Relations with Israel and the West Bank Palestinians. Israel Studies 7(1), 139-67.https://doi.org/10.2979/ISR.2002.7.1.139
  • Shilon, A. (2012). Menachem Begin: A Life. Yale University Press.
  • Shlaim, A. (2019). Demir Duvar: Israil ve Arap Dünyasi. (Çev. Tuba Demirci), Küre Yayınları.
  • Tsebelıs G., (1990). Nested Games: Rational Choice in Comparative Politics. University of California Press.
  • Viotti P. R. & Kauppi M. V. (2016). Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorisi, (çev. Metin Aksoy), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Waltz, K. N. (2001). Man, The State and War A Theoretical Analysis. Columbia University Press.
  • Knesset Tutanakları- Altıncı Knessetin 183. oturumu הכנסת. “(דברי הכנסת-הישיבה המאה­ ושמונים ושלוש של הכנסת השישית) (12.6.1967)”. הכנסת,12 Haziran 1967. https://fs.knesset.gov.il//6/Plenum/6_ptm_252713.pdf
  • (11. İsrail Hükümeti) “כל ממשלות ישראל- הממשלה ה-11”. https://main.knesset.gov.il:443/mk/government/pages/governments.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2023).
  • Rozental Y. (2005). ((רוזנטל, ימימה, “דבדים בישיבת המטה הכללי של צה"ל 14 בנובמבר 1966”. İçinde יצחק רבין ראש ממשלת ישראל 1995-1992,1977-1974 מבחר תעודות מפרקי חייו. ירושלים: מדינת ישראל גנזך המדינה, 2005 )
  • Rozental Y. (2002). (.(רוזנטל, ימימהלוי אשכול ראש הממשלה השלישי מבחר תעודות מפרקי חייו (1969-1895). ירושלים: מדינת ישראל ארכיון המדינה, 2002).
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Regional Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Serdal İlbaş 0000-0001-9648-5177

Early Pub Date November 24, 2025
Publication Date November 28, 2025
Submission Date July 28, 2025
Acceptance Date November 5, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA İlbaş, S. (2025). Koalisyon Karar Birimi Çerçevesinde İsrail’in Dış Politikasının Analizi: Altı Gün Savaşı Örneği. Külliye, 6(3), 499-516. https://doi.org/10.48139/aybukulliye.1753076