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Emotion Regulation and Coronavirus Anxiety: The Moderating Role of Perceived Social Support

Year 2022, , 424 - 442, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1065638

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the whole world rapidly. Due to serious preventive measures, many people had to change their everyday routines which may have an influence on their behavioral and emotional states. Hence, the pandemic has been a threat not only to physical health but also to mental health. During the pandemic people who had seen or experienced the adverse effects of the pandemic might have been suffering from coronavirus anxiety. Emotion regulation skills can function as a protective factor against anxiety while difficulties in emotion regulation may be related to elevated coronavirus anxiety. Preventive measures of the pandemic also reduced social contact, which may, in turn, reduce perceived social support. Due to close links with both emotion regulation and anxiety, perceived social support may be a mechanism moderating the relationship between emotion regulation and coronavirus anxiety. The current study sought to assess this moderation model. To this aim, we recruited 282 adult volunteers to fill in self-report questionnaires in emotion regulation, perceived social support and coronavirus anxiety. Results revealed a positive correlation between difficulties in emotion regulation and coronavirus anxiety. Furthermore, perceived social support was significantly moderating this relationship. However, the relationship between the difficulties in emotion regulation and coronavirus anxiety was stronger as the level of perceived social support increased. The findings are discussed in light of the current literature.

References

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Duygu Düzenleme ve Koronavirüs Kaygısı: Algılanan Sosyal Desteğin Aracı Rolü

Year 2022, , 424 - 442, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1065638

Abstract

COVID-19 virüsü tüm dünyayı hızla etkisi altına almıştır. Dünya çapında çeşitli karantinalar uygulanmış, insanların zorunlu durumlar haricinde evlerinden çıkmamaları, maske ve mesafe kavramlarına dikkat etmeleri için kesin kurallar konulmuştur. Alışılagelmiş davranış dinamiklerinin dışına çıkmak zorunda kalan bireylerde çeşitli duygu ve davranış değişiklikleri görülebilir. Dolayısıyla COVID-19 küresel salgını yalnızca fiziksel iyi oluş için değil mental iyi oluş için de bir risk faktörü oluşturabilir. Salgın sürecinde çeşitli beklenmedik durumlarla karşılaşan veya pandeminin seyrini basından takip eden birçok kişinin koronavirüs kaygısı yaşadıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Duygu düzenleme becerilerinin genel kaygı hususunda olduğu gibi koronavirüs kaygısı için de koruyucu bir faktör olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çerçevede duygu düzenleme konusunda yaşanılan sıkıntılar da yüksek koronavirüs kaygısı ile ilişkilendirilebilir. Bununla birlikte COVID-19 salgınının yayılmasına karşı alınması gereken önlemler sebebiyle tecrübe edilen sosyal izolasyon, mental iyi oluş için önem teşkil eden algılanan sosyal desteği azaltma potansiyeline de sahiptir. Algılanan sosyal destek ise duygu düzenleme ve kaygı ile olan yakın ilişkisi sebebiyle bu iki değişken arasında aracı rol oynayan faktörlerden biri olarak karşımıza çıkabilir. Bu çalışmada duygu düzenleme ve koronavirüs kaygısı arasındaki ilişkide algılanan sosyal desteğin aracı rolü incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla 282 gönüllü yetişkin çevrimiçi ortamda duygu düzenleme, koronavirüs kaygısı ve algılanan sosyal destek ölçeklerini doldurmuşlardır. Bulgulara göre duygu düzenlemede güçlükler (alt boyutları da dahil olmak üzere) ile koronavirüs kaygısı arasında pozitif bir ilişki vardır ve algılanan sosyal destek bu ilişkiye aracılık etmektedir. Ancak koronavirüs kaygısı-duygu düzenlemede güçlükler ilişkisi algılanan sosyal desteğin yüksek olduğu durumlarda daha güçlü olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Sonuçlar var olan literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

References

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  • Bell, K. L. ve Calkins, S. D. (2000). Relationships as inputs and outputs of emotion regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 11(3), 160–163.
  • Berking, M. ve Wupperman, P. (2012). Emotion regulation and mental health: Recent findings, current challenges, and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 25(2), 128–134.
  • Berkman, L. F. (1983). The assessment of social networks and social support in the elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
  • Bhatta, K. R., Shrestha, P., Khati, K., Joshi, P. R., Thagunna, N. S., Shrestha, K., & Pokharel, T. P. (2021). Prevalence and factors influencing COVID-19 Anxiety among Nepalese Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 9(3).
  • Bi̇çer, İ., Çakmak, C. ve Demi̇R, H. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form: Turkish validity and reliability study. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 216–225. https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.731092
  • Bjureberg, J., Ljótsson, B., Tull, M. T., Hedman, E., Sahlin, H., Lundh, L. G., Bjärehed, J., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., Hellner Gumpert, C. ve Gratz, K. L. (2016). Development and validation of a brief version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale: the DERS-16. Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment, 38(2), 284-296.
  • Boserup, B., McKenney, M. ve Elkbuli, A. (2020). Alarming trends in US domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American journal of emergency medicine, 38(12), 2753-2755.
  • Brehl, A.-K., Schene, A., Kohn, N. ve Fernández, G. (2021). Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in a vulnerable population predict increased anxiety during the Covid-19 pandemic: A pseudo-prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 4, 100113.
  • Buckner, J. D., Lewis, E. M., Abarno, C. N., Morris, P. E., Glover, N. I. ve Zvolensky, M. J. (2021). Difficulties with emotion regulation and drinking during the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduates: The serial mediation of COVID-related distress and drinking to cope with the pandemic. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 50(4), 261–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2020.1861084
  • Campbell-Sills, L., Ellard, K. K., & Barlow, D. H. (2014). Emotion regulation in anxiety disorders. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 393–412). The Guilford Press.
  • Cengiz, G. F., & Gürel, G. (2020). Difficulties in emotion regulation and quality of life in patients with acne. Quality of Life Research, 29(2), 431-438.
  • Chen, Y., Huang, X., Zhang, C., An, Y., Liang, Y., Yang, Y. ve Liu, Z. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in China. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 1–8.
  • Cisler, J. M., Olatunji, B. O., Feldner, M. T. ve Forsyth, J. P. (2010). Emotion regulation and the anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32(1), 68–82.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Set correlation and contingency tables. Applied psychological measurement, 12(4), 425-434. Cohen, S., Underwood, L. G. ve Gottlieb, B. H. (2000). Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists. Oxford University Press.
  • Cullen, W., Gulati, G. ve Kelly, B. D. (2020). Mental health in the Covid-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(5), 311–312.
  • Çetinkaya, G. ve Ülper, H., (2019). Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen öğrencilerin kullandıkları sözcük öğrenme stratejileri ile sözcük dağarcıkları arasındaki i̇lişkinin i̇ncelenmesi.
  • d’Arbeloff, T. C., Freedy, K. R., Knodt, A. R., Radtke, S. R., Brigidi, B. D. ve Hariri, A. R. (2018). Emotion Regulation and the Experience of Future Negative Mood: The Importance of Assessing Social Support. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02287
  • Desrosiers, A., Vine, V., Klemanski, D. H. ve Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013). Mindfulness and emotion regulation in depression and anxiety: Common and distinct mechanisms of action. Depression and Anxiety, 30(7), 654–661.
  • Di Blasi, M., Gullo, S., Mancinelli, E., Freda, M. F., Esposito, G., Gelo, O. C. G., Lagetto, G., Giordano, C., Mazzeschi, C., Pazzagli, C., Salcuni, S. ve Lo Coco, G. (2021). Psychological distress associated with the COVID-19 lockdown: A two-wave network analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 284, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.016
  • Dovbysh, D. V. ve Kiseleva, M. G. (2020). Cognitive emotion regulation, anxiety, and depression in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 13(4), 134–147.
  • Eker, D. D., Arkar, D. H. ve Yaldiz, D. H. (2001). Çok Boyutlu Alg›lanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’nin Gözden Geçirilmiş Formunun Faktör Yapısı, Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 9. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2012). IBM SPSS statistics 19 step by step. Boston, Mass.
  • Gerald, J. H. ve George, S. H. (2010). Self-report: Psychology’s four-letter word. American Journal of Psychology, 123(2), 181–188.
  • Gerardo, G. M., Williams, D. P., Cooper, G., Vasey, M., Koenig, J., & Thayer, J. F. (2016). Different facets of emotion dysregulation as a mediator between resting heart rate variability and trait anxiety. Psychosom. Med, 78, A118-A118.
  • González-Sanguino, C., Ausín, B., Castellanos, M. Á., Saiz, J., López-Gómez, A., Ugidos, C., & Muñoz, M. (2020). Mental health consequences of the coronavirus 2020 pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. A longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 1256.
  • Gratz, K. L. ve Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54.
  • Grey, I., Arora, T., Thomas, J., Saneh, A., Tohme, P. ve Abi-Habib, R. (2020). The role of perceived social support on depression and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113452
  • Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271–299.
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There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nazif Kutay Erden 0000-0002-2677-6953

Ayşe Berna Sarı 0000-0001-6870-4758

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date February 1, 2022
Acceptance Date June 13, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Erden, N. K., & Sarı, A. B. (2022). Duygu Düzenleme ve Koronavirüs Kaygısı: Algılanan Sosyal Desteğin Aracı Rolü. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(2), 424-442. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1065638