A Review on Supervision Models

Abstract

Developing solid theories, models, and instruments for supervision is a challenging process because of the multiple relationships it contains. Despite this, the number of publications on supervision has been increasing over the last decades. Existing models of supervision can be broadly divided into two categories. The first category is composed of psychotherapy-based supervision models, and the other category includes models developed specifically for supervision. Psychotherapy-based supervision models posit that the assumptions of a psychotherapy theory can be applied to supervision as well. On the other hand, supervision-specific models focus on the nature of the supervision itself. Supervision-specific models are divided into two categories: developmental models and process models. While developmental models aim to understand how an inexperienced therapist turns into an expert, process models examine the supervision process itself. Although there are other models in the literature, among the developmental models Loganbill, Hardy, and Delworth Model, Integrated Developmental Model (BGM), Systemic Cognitive-Developmental Supervision Model, Rønnestad and Skovholt's Lifetime Development Model were discussed in this article. Among the process models, the Discrimination Model and System Approach were discussed.

Keywords

• supervisor
• supervision
• supervision research
• supervision models

Süpervizyon Modelleri Üzerine bir Derleme

Abstract

Süpervizyon gibi çoklu ilişkiler içeren bir sürece dair teori ve modeller oluşturmak ve bunları uygun biçimde ölçen araçlar geliştirmek zor olmakla birlikte, yıllar içerisinde süpervizyon konusunda yapılan araştırmalar artış göstermiştir. Süpervizyona dair var olan modeller en genel itibariyle iki kategoriye ayrılabilir. Bunlardan ilki psikoterapi teorilerini temel alan modeller ve diğeri de süpervizyon özelinde geliştirilen modellerdir. Psikoterapi teorilerini temel alan modeller, benimsenen psikoterapi teorisinin varsayımlarının süpervizyon sürecine de uygulanabileceğini savunmaktadır. Süpervizyona özgü modeller ise teorik yaklaşımdan bağımsız olarak süpervizyonun kendi ilişki sistemlerini ve doğasını dikkate alarak geliştirilmiştir. Süpervizyona özgü modeller, gelişimsel modeller ve süreç modelleri olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Gelişimsel modellerde amaç, deneyimsiz bir terapistin nasıl bir uzmana dönüştüğünü anlamaya çalışmakken süreç modelleri süpervizyon sürecinin kendisini incelemektir. Literatürde başka modeller de olmakla birlikte bu makalede gelişimsel modeller içinde en sık kullanılanlardan Loganbill, Hardy ve Delworth Modeli, Bütünleşmiş Gelişimsel Model (BGM), Sistemik Bilişsel- Gelişimsel Süpervizyon Modeli, Rønnestad ve Skovholt’un Yaşam Boyu Gelişim Modeli ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Süreç modellerinde ise en sık kullanılanlardan Ayrıştırıcı (Discrimination) Model ve Sistem Yaklaşımı ayrıntılandırılmıştır.

Keywords

• süpervizör
• süpervizyon
• süpervizyon araştırmaları
• süpervizyon modelleri

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