Psikolojik Danışma Sürecinin Kaos Teorisi Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi: Bir Olgubilim Çalışması

Abstract

Kaos teorisi kompleks, dinamik ve doğrusal olmayan sistemlerin anlaşılmasında ve modellenmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Teori, karmaşık sistemlerdeki ilişkilerin doğrusal olmadığını, evreni öngörülemez kılan ara bağlantılardan ve dallara ayrılan seçimlerden oluştuğunu savunur. Psikolojik danışma, belirli kuramsal yaklaşımlar doğrultusunda yapılandırılsa da doğrusal olmayan, dinamik bir süreçtir. Mevcut çalışmanın amacı, psikolojik danışmanların deneyimlerinden hareketle psikolojik danışma sürecini kaos teorisinin temel kavramları olan öngörülemezlik, doğrusal olmama ve kelebek etkisi bağlamında incelemektir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Amaçlı örnekleme yoluyla belirlenen çalışma grubunu psikolojik danışmanlık merkezlerinde aktif olarak danışan gören 10 psikolojik danışman oluşturmaktadır. Uzman ve katılımcı değerlendirmeleri sonucunda görüşme formuna son hali verilmiştir. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerle veriler elde edilmiştir. Kodlamaya dayalı içerik analizi ve tümevarımcı bir yaklaşımla veriler analiz edilmiştir. Kodlama sürecinde, kodlayıcılar arası tutarlılığı sağlamak için kodlar farklı araştırmacılar tarafından incelenmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Kodlama işlemi, NVivo 12 yazılımı ile desteklenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda üç ana tema altında toplam 7 alt temaya ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular katılımcıların ifadeleriyle zenginleştirilmiştir. Psikolojik danışma sürecinin öngörülemez, çok yönlü ve değişime açık yapısını açıklamada kaos teorisinin sağlayabileceği kuramsal katkılar ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• kaos teorisi
• psikolojik danışma
• olgubilim

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, 12 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde Marmara Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu tarafından incelenmiş ve onaylanmıştır (Karar No: 07-21). Tüm bireylere çalışmanın amacı hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve bilgilendirilmiş onamları alınmıştır. Gizlilik, anonimleştirme yoluyla sağlanmıştır.

An Examination of the Psychological Counseling Process within the Framework of Chaos Theory: A Phenomenological Study

Abstract

Chaos theory is widely used in understanding and modelling complex, dynamic, and non-linear systems. The theory argues that relationships in complex systems are non-linear, consisting of interconnections and branching choices that make the universe unpredictable. Psychological counseling, although structured according to specific theoretical approaches, is a non-linear, dynamic process. The aim of this study is to examine the psychological counselling process in the context of the fundamental concepts of chaos theory, namely unpredictability, non-linearity and the butterfly effect, based on the experiences of psychological counsellors. The study used a phenomenological design, a qualitative research method. The study group, determined through purposive sampling, consisted of 10 psychological counselors actively working with clients in psychological counseling centers. The interview form was completed based on expert and participant evaluations. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using coding-based content analysis and an inductive approach. During coding, different researchers reviewed and compared codes to ensure inter-coder consistency. NVivo 12 software supported the coding process. The analysis produced seven sub-themes under three main themes. Participants' statements enriched the findings. The study highlighted the theoretical contribution of chaos theory in explaining the unpredictable, multifaceted, and changeable nature of the psychological counseling process.

Keywords

• chaos theory
• psychological counselling
• phenomenology

Ethical Statement

This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Marmara University on 12 July 2024 (Decision No: 07-21). All individuals were informed about the purpose of the study, and their written informed consent was obtained. Confidentiality was ensured through anonymization.

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