Winnicott’ın Gerçek Benlik ve Sahte Benlik Kavramlarının Bir Vaka ve Terapi İlişkisi Bağlamında İncelenmesi

Abstract

Winnicott kişilik bozukluklarının ortaya çıkışını gelişimin erken basamaklarında kişilik bütünleşmesinde yaşanan problemlerle ilişkilendirmektedir. Winnicott’a göre bebek dünyaya geldiğinde anneden bağımsız bir mevcudiyeti yoktur. Bununla birlikte bebek “yeterince iyi anne” nin desteği ile aşamalı olarak dış gerçekliğe dair bir kavrayış geliştirir. Fakat anne “yeterince iyi” değilse bebek tüm güçlülük duygularını deneyimleyemez ve dış gerçeklik ile henüz hazır olmadan karşılaşmak durumunda kalır. Bu durum bebeğin gerçek benliğini saklayıp anneye uymasına ve bunun sonucu olarak sahte bir benlik oluşturmasına zemin hazırlayabilir. Kişilik alanında ve kişilerarası işlevsellikte bozulmalar, duygusal değişkenlik, kaygı, depresiflik, dürtüsellik, risk içeren davranışlar, ayrılık kaygısı ve düşmanlık gibi patolojik kişilik özelliklerinin varlığı sınırda kişilik bozukluğunun belirtilerinden bazılarıdır. Bu makalede sınırda kişilik bozukluğu özelliklerini taşıyan Bay B. vakası ve terapi ilişkisi Winnicott’ın gerçek benlik ve sahte benlik kavramları ışığında incelenmiştir. Bay B.’nin temel şikayetlerinin benlik ile ilgili olmasından dolayı terapinin amacı gerçek benliğin ortaya çıkarılması ve geliştirilmesi, bu amaca ulaşmaktaki engellerin anlaşılması ve aşılmaya çalışılması olmuştur

Keywords

• Winnicott, gerçek benlik, sahte benlik, sınırda kişilik bozukluğu

A Review of Winnicott’s Concepts of True Self and False Self on the Basis of a Case Study and Therapeutic Relationship

Abstract

Winnicott related the occurrence of personality disorders to unsuccessful personality integration in the early phases of personality development. Winnicott stated that baby is not a separate entity from the mother at first. However with the help of a “good enough mother”, the infant can gradually get an understanding of outer reality. Still if the mother is not “good enough”, the baby will not be able to experience the feelings of omnipotence. Consequently, the baby will confront with outer reality before he or she is ready. This might lead the infant to hide his or her true self and to adjust himself or herself to the mother who in turn contributes to the development of false self. Impairments in personality and interpersonal functioning, and the presence of pathological personality traits (e.g., emotional liability, anxiousness, being depressive, impulsivity, risk taking, separation insecurity, hostility) are some of the features of borderlinepersonality disorder. In this article therapeutic process of a case with borderline personality traits were discussed in the light of Winnicott’s concepts of true self and false self. Since presenting problems of the current case was mainly related to self, the aim of the therapy was to reveal and nurture the true self and to get an insight into the obstacles through this aim.

Keywords

• Winnicott, true self, false self, borderline personality disorder

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