Ayrılma ve Bireyleşme: Nesne İlişkileri Üzerine Terapötik Uygulama

Abstract

Mahler kuramında, ayrılma ve bireyleşme sürecini dört evrede gözlemlemiş ve bu evreleri farklılaşma, alıştırma, yeniden yaklaşma ve libidinal nesne sürekliliği olarak isimlendirmiştir. Bu yazının amacı, Mahler’in kuramı ve çeşitli literatür bulguları ile desteklenerek bir vakanın değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmalar anne ile ilişkide, bebeğin ayrılma kaygısı yaşamasının adaptif ve evrensel bir fenomen olduğunu göstermektedir. Öte yandan bebeğin erken dönemde gelişimsel olarak uygun olmayan seviyede kaygı hissettiği durumlarda kaygının patolojik özellikler gösterebildiği belirtilmiştir. Bu bağlamda çocukluk dönemindeki ayrılma kaygısının zaman zaman yetişkinlik döneminde kendisini farklı biçimlerde (örn; sosyal fobi, bağımlı kişilik bozukluğu, vb.) gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Vaka olarak seçilen A Hanım, 22 yaşında ve panik bozukluk tanısı olan bir üniversite öğrencisidir. Kuram ve literatür bilgileri perspektifinden, A Hanım’ın ayrılma ve bireyleşme sürecinin annesi ile ilişkisi odağında ele alınması hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda A Hanım’ın panik ataklarının, ayrılma ve bireyleşme sürecine ilişkin yaşadığı çatışmalar ile ilişkili olduğu, annesi ve kendi ihtiyaçlarının çatışmasından doğan gerilimleri rahatlatmaya yönelik bir işlevi olduğu düşünülmüştür

Keywords

• Ayrılma kaygısı, ayrılma, bireyleşme, Mahler, vaka

Seperation and Individuation: A Therapeutic Application Based on Object Relations

Abstract

According to Mahler’s theory, the separation and individuation process can be observed in four phases, namely, differentiation, practicing, repproachment and libidinal object constancy. Current paper’s purpose was to reconceptualization of a case within the perspective of Mahler’s and previous literature findings. Research revealed that it is adaptive and universal phenomenon to experience separation anxiety for the baby. However, when the baby is exposed to frustration with developmentally inappropriate levels of anxiety, it was said that anxiety may have pathological manifestations. That is, it is known that more or less everyone experiences separation anxiety; but that some of these anxieties manifest itself differentially (i.e., social phobia, dependent personality disorder, etc.) in adulthood. In this sense, Miss A was chosenfor case report. Miss A was a 22-year-old university student with diagnosis of panic disorder. It was aimed to consider Miss A’s separation-individuation process based upon the focus of her mother-child relationship within the perspective of Mahler’s and literature findings. Within this context, it was thought that Miss A’s panic attacks could be related to the conflicts and serve a function to comfort the resultant stress rooted from turning between her and her mother’s needs.

Keywords

• Separation anxiety, separation, individuation, Mahler, case

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