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Zaman Perspektifi Duygu Düzenleme İçin Neden Önemlidir? Genç Yetişkinlerde Zaman Perspektiflerinin Duygu Düzensizliklerindeki Rolü

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 146 - 166, 22.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.659071

Abstract

Genç yetişkinler arasındaki bireysel farklılıklar, duygu düzenlemedeki bozukluklar konusunun ele alınmasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Duygu düzenleme alanındaki bireysel farklılıklar üzerine bazı araştırmalar yapılmış olmasına rağmen, zaman perspektiflerinin duygu düzenleme eksikliklerindeki rolünü göz önünde bulundurmaya çalışan tek bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, duygu düzenleme eksiklikleri ile zaman odaklı inançlar olarak tanımlanan beş zaman perspektifi arasındaki ilişkileri açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Veriler, yaş ortalaması 20.46 olan 192 üniversite öğrencisinden (146 kız, 46 erkek) toplanmıştır. En uygun model, Geçmiş-Olumsuz, Geçmiş-Olumlu, Şimdi-Kaderci ve Gelecek zaman perspektiflerinin duygu düzenleme
eksikliklerindeki değişimin % 41'ini doğrudan açıkladığını göstermiştir. Standart katsayılara dayanarak, Geçmiş-Olumsuz zaman profilinin, duygu düzenleme eksikliklerinin en güçlü göstergesi olduğu gösterilmiştir. Geçmiş- Olumsuz ve ŞimdiKaderci gibi uyuma yönelik olmayan zaman perspektifleri, duygusal düzenlemeyi negatif yönde; Geçmiş-Olumlu ve Gelecek gibi uyumlu olan perspektifleri ise duygu düzenlemeyi pozitif yönde yordamaktadır. Bu çalışma, zaman perspektifinin, bir bireyin duygusal düzenleme eksikliklerini yapılandırmada rol aldığını göstermiştir.Bulgular, bu çalışmanın zaman perspektifi ve duygu düzenleme alanına önemli bir katkı sağladığını göstermektedir. 

References

  • Adrian, M., Jenness, J., Kuehn, K., Smith, M., & McLaughlin, K. (2019). Emotion regulation processes linking peer victimization to anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 31(3), 999-1009.
  • Arbuckle, J.L. (2013). IBM SPSS AMOS 22 Users Guide. IBM Corp.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Freeman.
  • Bardeen, J. R., Kumpula, M. J., & Orcutt, H. K. (2013). Emotion regulation difficulties as a prospective predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms following a mass shooting. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(2), 188-196. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.01.003
  • Birk, J. L., & Bonanno, G. A. (2016). When to throw the switch: The adaptiveness of modifying emotion regulation strategies based on affective and physiological feedback. Emotion, 16(5), 657-670.
  • Blais-Rochette, C., & Miranda, D. (2016). Music-evoked autobiographical memories, emotion regulation, time perspective, and mental health. Musicae Scientiae, 20(1), 26-52. doi: 10.1177/1029864915626967
  • Bolotova, A. K., & Hachaturova, M. R. (2013). The role of time perspective in coping behavior. Psychology in Russia, 6(3), 120-131, doi: 10.11621/pir.2013.0311
  • Calkins, S. D. (1994). Origins and outcomes of individual differences in emotion regulation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2-3), 53-72.
  • Carelli, M. G., Wiberg, B., & Wiberg, M. (2011). Development and construct validation of the Swedish Zimbardo time perspective inventory. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27(4), 220-227. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000076
  • Carter, D. C. (1997). Doing quantitative psychological research: From design to report. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
  • Chiu, H. T., Yee, L. T. S., Kwan, J. L. Y., Cheung, R. Y. M., & Hou, W. K. (2019). Interactive association between negative emotion regulation and savoring is linked to anxiety symptoms among college students. Journal of American College Health, 1-8.
  • Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. D. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(240), 73-100. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01278.x
  • Desmyter, F., & De Raedt, R. (2012). The relationship between time perspective and subjective wellbeing of older adults. Psychologica Belgica, 52(1), 19-38. doi: 10.5334/pb-52 1-19
  • Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1985). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(5), 1105-1117.
  • Doolan, E.L. Bryant, R.A. Liddell, B.J., & Nickerson, A. (2017). The conceptualization of emotion regulation difficulties, and its association with posttraumatic stress symptoms in traumatized refugees. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 50, 7–14.
  • Drake, L., Duncan, E., Sutherland, F., Abernethy, C., & Henry, C. (2008). Time perspective and correlates of well-being. Time and Society, 17(1), 47–61.
  • Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54. doi: 10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
  • Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2008). The relationship between emotion dysregulation and deliberate self‐harm among female undergraduate students at an urban commuter university. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 37(1), 14-25. doi: 10.1080/16506070701819524
  • Güler, E. A. (2008). Relationship between future time orientation, adaptive self-regulation, and wellbeing: self-type. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
  • Hu, T., Zhang, D., Wang, J., Mistry, R., Ran, G., & Wang, X. (2014). Relation between emotion regulation and mental health: A meta-analysis review. Psychological Reports, 114(2), 341-362.
  • Kelly, N. J., Glazer, J. E., Pornpattananangkul, N., & Nusslock, R. (2019). Reappraisal and suppression emotion-regulation tendencies differentially predict reward-responsivity and psychological wellbeing. Biological Psychology, 140, 35-47.
  • Krkovic, K., Krinki, S., & Lincoln, T. M. (2018). Emotion regulation as a moderator of the interplay between self-reported and physiological stress and paranoia. European Psychiatry, 49, 43–49.
  • Lang, F. R., & Carstensen, L. L. (2002). Time counts: Future time perspective, goals, and social relationships. Psychology and Aging, 17(1), 125.
  • Leith, K. P., & Baumeister, R. F. (1996). Why do bad moods increase self-defeating behavior? Emotion, risk tasking, and self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(6), 1250-1267. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1250
  • Matthews, G., & Stolarski, M. (2015). Emotional processes in development and dynamics of individual time perspective. In M. Stolarski, W. van Beek, & N. Fieulaine (Eds.), Time perspective theory; Review, research and applications (pp. 269–286), Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Mérida-López, S., Extremera, N., & Rey, L. (2017). Contributions of work-related stress and emotional intelligence to teacher engagement: Additive and interactive effects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(10), 1156-1171.
  • Nunnaly, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Pickett, S. M., Barbaro, N., & Mello, D. (2016). The relationship between subjective sleep disturbance, sleep quality, and emotion regulation difficulties in a sample of college students reporting trauma exposure. Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy, 8(1), 25-33. doi: 10.1037/tra0000064
  • Rothbart, M. K., Sheese, B. E., & Posner, M. I. (2014). Temperament and emotion regulation. In: J. J.
  • Gross (Eds.), Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed.), (pp. 305-320). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Rugancı, R.N., & Gençöz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66(4), 442-455. doi:/10.1002/jclp.20665
  • Shorey, R. C., Brasfield, H., Febres, J., & Stuart, G. L. (2011). An examination of the association between difficulties with emotion regulation and dating violence perpetration. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, and Trauma, 20(8), 870-885. doi: 10.1080/10926771.2011.629342
  • Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbachs alpha. Psychometrika, 74(1), 107–120.
  • Sloan, E., Hall, K., Moulding, R., Bryce, S., Mildred, H., & Staiger, P.K. (2017). Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic treatment construct across anxiety, depression, substance, eating and borderline personality disorders: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 57, 141–163.
  • Śmieja, M., Mrozowicz, M., & Kobylińska, D. (2011). Emotional intelligence and emotion regulation strategies. Studia Psychologiczne, 49(5), 55-64. doi: 10.2478/v10167-010-0040-x
  • Stolarski, M., Bitner, J., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2011). Time perspective, emotional intelligence and discounting of delayed awards. Time and Society, 20(3), 346-363. doi:.1177/0961463X11414296
  • Stolarski, M., Fieulaine, N., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2018). Putting time in a wider perspective: The past, the present, and the future of time perspective theory, In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 592-628). Thous and Oakes, CA: SAGE Publishing.
  • Stolarski, M., & Matthews, G. (2016). Time perspectives predict mood states and satisfaction with life over and above personality. Current Psychology, 35, 516–526.
  • Stolarski, M., Matthews, G., Postek, S., Zimbardo, P. G., & Bitner, J. (2014). How we feel is a matter of time: Relationships between time perspectives and mood. Journal of Happiness Studies,15(4), 809-827. doi: 0.1007/s10902-013-9450-y
  • Stolarski, M., Waleriańczyk, W., & Pruszczak, D. (2019). Introducing temporal theory to the field of sport psychology: Towards a conceptual model of time perspectives in athletes functioning. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2772-2786.
  • Taylor, J., & Wilson, J. C. (2016). Failing time after time: time perspective, procrastination, and cognitive reappraisal in goal failure. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 46(10), 557-564. doi: 10.1111/jasp.12383
  • Tuckman, B.W. (1999). Conducting educational research (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Wang, Y., Chen, X., Cui, J., & Liu, L. (2015). Testing the Zimbardo time perspective inventory in the Chinese context. PsyCh Journal, 4(3), 166–175. doi: 10.1002/pchj.103
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measure of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.
  • Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid reliable individual-differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1271-1288.
  • Zimbardo, P.G., & Boyd, J. (2009). The time paradox: The new psychology of time that will change your life. US: Thorndike Press.
  • Zimbardo, P. G., Sword, R. M., & Sword, R. K. (2012). The time cure: Overcoming PTSD with the new psychology of time perspective therapy. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Why is Time Perspective Important for Emotion Regulation? The Role of Time Perspectives on Emotion Dysregulation among Young Adults

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 146 - 166, 22.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.659071

Abstract

Individual differences play a crucial role in addressing the issue of emotion regulation deficits among young adults. Although some research has been carried out on individual differences in emotion regulation, no single study has attempted to consider the role of time perspectives in emotion regulation deficits. This study aims to explain the associations between emotion regulation deficits and five-time perspectives, which are conceptualized as temporally based beliefs. Data was collected from a sample of 192 college students (146 females, 46 males) with a mean age of 20.46. The best-fitting model showed that Past-Negative, Past-Positive, Present-Fatalistic, and Future time perspectives explained directly 41% of the variation in emotion regulation deficits. Based on standard coefficients, the Past-Negative time profile was the strongest predictor of emotion regulation deficits. Maladaptive time perspectives like Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic predicted emotion regulation negatively, and adaptive ones like Future and Past-Positive predicted emotion regulation positively. Time perspectives may structure an individual’s emotional regulation deficits. The findings seem to be an essential contribution to the field of time perspective and emotion regulation.

References

  • Adrian, M., Jenness, J., Kuehn, K., Smith, M., & McLaughlin, K. (2019). Emotion regulation processes linking peer victimization to anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 31(3), 999-1009.
  • Arbuckle, J.L. (2013). IBM SPSS AMOS 22 Users Guide. IBM Corp.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Freeman.
  • Bardeen, J. R., Kumpula, M. J., & Orcutt, H. K. (2013). Emotion regulation difficulties as a prospective predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms following a mass shooting. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(2), 188-196. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.01.003
  • Birk, J. L., & Bonanno, G. A. (2016). When to throw the switch: The adaptiveness of modifying emotion regulation strategies based on affective and physiological feedback. Emotion, 16(5), 657-670.
  • Blais-Rochette, C., & Miranda, D. (2016). Music-evoked autobiographical memories, emotion regulation, time perspective, and mental health. Musicae Scientiae, 20(1), 26-52. doi: 10.1177/1029864915626967
  • Bolotova, A. K., & Hachaturova, M. R. (2013). The role of time perspective in coping behavior. Psychology in Russia, 6(3), 120-131, doi: 10.11621/pir.2013.0311
  • Calkins, S. D. (1994). Origins and outcomes of individual differences in emotion regulation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2-3), 53-72.
  • Carelli, M. G., Wiberg, B., & Wiberg, M. (2011). Development and construct validation of the Swedish Zimbardo time perspective inventory. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27(4), 220-227. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000076
  • Carter, D. C. (1997). Doing quantitative psychological research: From design to report. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
  • Chiu, H. T., Yee, L. T. S., Kwan, J. L. Y., Cheung, R. Y. M., & Hou, W. K. (2019). Interactive association between negative emotion regulation and savoring is linked to anxiety symptoms among college students. Journal of American College Health, 1-8.
  • Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. D. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(240), 73-100. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01278.x
  • Desmyter, F., & De Raedt, R. (2012). The relationship between time perspective and subjective wellbeing of older adults. Psychologica Belgica, 52(1), 19-38. doi: 10.5334/pb-52 1-19
  • Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1985). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(5), 1105-1117.
  • Doolan, E.L. Bryant, R.A. Liddell, B.J., & Nickerson, A. (2017). The conceptualization of emotion regulation difficulties, and its association with posttraumatic stress symptoms in traumatized refugees. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 50, 7–14.
  • Drake, L., Duncan, E., Sutherland, F., Abernethy, C., & Henry, C. (2008). Time perspective and correlates of well-being. Time and Society, 17(1), 47–61.
  • Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54. doi: 10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
  • Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2008). The relationship between emotion dysregulation and deliberate self‐harm among female undergraduate students at an urban commuter university. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 37(1), 14-25. doi: 10.1080/16506070701819524
  • Güler, E. A. (2008). Relationship between future time orientation, adaptive self-regulation, and wellbeing: self-type. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
  • Hu, T., Zhang, D., Wang, J., Mistry, R., Ran, G., & Wang, X. (2014). Relation between emotion regulation and mental health: A meta-analysis review. Psychological Reports, 114(2), 341-362.
  • Kelly, N. J., Glazer, J. E., Pornpattananangkul, N., & Nusslock, R. (2019). Reappraisal and suppression emotion-regulation tendencies differentially predict reward-responsivity and psychological wellbeing. Biological Psychology, 140, 35-47.
  • Krkovic, K., Krinki, S., & Lincoln, T. M. (2018). Emotion regulation as a moderator of the interplay between self-reported and physiological stress and paranoia. European Psychiatry, 49, 43–49.
  • Lang, F. R., & Carstensen, L. L. (2002). Time counts: Future time perspective, goals, and social relationships. Psychology and Aging, 17(1), 125.
  • Leith, K. P., & Baumeister, R. F. (1996). Why do bad moods increase self-defeating behavior? Emotion, risk tasking, and self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(6), 1250-1267. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1250
  • Matthews, G., & Stolarski, M. (2015). Emotional processes in development and dynamics of individual time perspective. In M. Stolarski, W. van Beek, & N. Fieulaine (Eds.), Time perspective theory; Review, research and applications (pp. 269–286), Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Mérida-López, S., Extremera, N., & Rey, L. (2017). Contributions of work-related stress and emotional intelligence to teacher engagement: Additive and interactive effects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(10), 1156-1171.
  • Nunnaly, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Pickett, S. M., Barbaro, N., & Mello, D. (2016). The relationship between subjective sleep disturbance, sleep quality, and emotion regulation difficulties in a sample of college students reporting trauma exposure. Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy, 8(1), 25-33. doi: 10.1037/tra0000064
  • Rothbart, M. K., Sheese, B. E., & Posner, M. I. (2014). Temperament and emotion regulation. In: J. J.
  • Gross (Eds.), Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed.), (pp. 305-320). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Rugancı, R.N., & Gençöz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66(4), 442-455. doi:/10.1002/jclp.20665
  • Shorey, R. C., Brasfield, H., Febres, J., & Stuart, G. L. (2011). An examination of the association between difficulties with emotion regulation and dating violence perpetration. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, and Trauma, 20(8), 870-885. doi: 10.1080/10926771.2011.629342
  • Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbachs alpha. Psychometrika, 74(1), 107–120.
  • Sloan, E., Hall, K., Moulding, R., Bryce, S., Mildred, H., & Staiger, P.K. (2017). Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic treatment construct across anxiety, depression, substance, eating and borderline personality disorders: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 57, 141–163.
  • Śmieja, M., Mrozowicz, M., & Kobylińska, D. (2011). Emotional intelligence and emotion regulation strategies. Studia Psychologiczne, 49(5), 55-64. doi: 10.2478/v10167-010-0040-x
  • Stolarski, M., Bitner, J., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2011). Time perspective, emotional intelligence and discounting of delayed awards. Time and Society, 20(3), 346-363. doi:.1177/0961463X11414296
  • Stolarski, M., Fieulaine, N., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2018). Putting time in a wider perspective: The past, the present, and the future of time perspective theory, In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 592-628). Thous and Oakes, CA: SAGE Publishing.
  • Stolarski, M., & Matthews, G. (2016). Time perspectives predict mood states and satisfaction with life over and above personality. Current Psychology, 35, 516–526.
  • Stolarski, M., Matthews, G., Postek, S., Zimbardo, P. G., & Bitner, J. (2014). How we feel is a matter of time: Relationships between time perspectives and mood. Journal of Happiness Studies,15(4), 809-827. doi: 0.1007/s10902-013-9450-y
  • Stolarski, M., Waleriańczyk, W., & Pruszczak, D. (2019). Introducing temporal theory to the field of sport psychology: Towards a conceptual model of time perspectives in athletes functioning. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2772-2786.
  • Taylor, J., & Wilson, J. C. (2016). Failing time after time: time perspective, procrastination, and cognitive reappraisal in goal failure. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 46(10), 557-564. doi: 10.1111/jasp.12383
  • Tuckman, B.W. (1999). Conducting educational research (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Wang, Y., Chen, X., Cui, J., & Liu, L. (2015). Testing the Zimbardo time perspective inventory in the Chinese context. PsyCh Journal, 4(3), 166–175. doi: 10.1002/pchj.103
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measure of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.
  • Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid reliable individual-differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1271-1288.
  • Zimbardo, P.G., & Boyd, J. (2009). The time paradox: The new psychology of time that will change your life. US: Thorndike Press.
  • Zimbardo, P. G., Sword, R. M., & Sword, R. K. (2012). The time cure: Overcoming PTSD with the new psychology of time perspective therapy. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Pınar Bürhan-çavuşoğlu 0000-0002-1171-5971

Fatma Oktay 0000-0001-8349-1703

Nuran Bayram 0000-0001-5492-184X

Publication Date June 22, 2020
Submission Date December 13, 2019
Acceptance Date April 17, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bürhan-çavuşoğlu, P., Oktay, F., & Bayram, N. (2020). Why is Time Perspective Important for Emotion Regulation? The Role of Time Perspectives on Emotion Dysregulation among Young Adults. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(2), 146-166. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.659071