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Ethical Considerations in Supervision Practices within Clinical Psychology

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 535 - 553, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1439199

Abstract

Clinical supervision is of great importance for clinical psychologists working in the field to improve their professional experience. It allows therapists to meet regularly to discuss and review their knowledge, achievements, and practice with an experienced supervisor. Supervision contributes to therapists learning how to use their practice skills competently by facilitating clinicians to develop their practice skills and acquire professional attitudes throughout their careers that form the basis for ethical practice. Ethical principles and regulations guide psychologists to deal with the difficulties and dilemmas they may experience during supervision. This review aims to examine the ethical issues involved in supervision practices in clinical psychology and to discuss the ethical issues that supervisors and supervisees in this field face during the supervision process. The topics examined include professional and cultural competence, responsibility and roles, informed consent, record keeping and documentation, evaluation and feedback, multiple relationships, sexual relationships and boundaries, emergencies and availability, ending the supervision process and terminating the professional relationship, and problems encountered in supervision. The dilemmas supervisors and supervisees face are discussed in order to conduct the supervision relationship ethically.

Ethical Statement

It is not a study that requires ethics committee approval.

References

  • American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/
  • Annas, G. J. (1980). The care of private patients in teaching hospitals: legal implications. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 56(4), 403.
  • Barnett, J. E. (2011). Ethical issues in clinical supervision. The Clinical Psychologist, 64, 14-20.
  • Barnett, J. E. ve Molzon, C. H. (2014). Clinical supervision of psychotherapy: Essential ethics issues for supervisors and supervisees. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(11), 1051-1061. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22126
  • Barnett, J. E., Wise, E. H., Johnson-Greene, D. ve Bucky, S. F. (2007). Informed consent: Too much of a good thing or not enough?. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(2), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.38.2.179
  • Bernard, J. M. ve Goodyear, R. K. (1998). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (2. Basım). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Bordin, E. S. (1983). Supervision in counseling: II. Contemporary models of supervision: A working alliance based model of supervision. Counseling Psychologist, 11(1), 35–42. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/0011000083111007
  • Bridge, P. ve Bascue, L. (1988). A record form for psychotherapy supervision. İçinde P. Keller ve S. Heyman (Eds.), Innovations in Clinical Practice (Vol. 7, ss. 331-336). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange.
  • Burian, B. K. ve Slimp, A. O. C. (2000). Social dual-role relationships during internship: A decision-making model. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31(3), 332-338. https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7028.31.3.332
  • Dow, D. M., Hart, G. M. ve Nance, D. W. (2009). Supervision styles and topics discussed in supervision. Clinical Supervisor, 28(1), 36–46. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/07325220902832515
  • Ellis, M. V. (2017). Narratives of harmful clinical supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 36(1), 20-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2017.1297752
  • Falender, C. A., Cornish, J. A. E., Goodyear, R., Hatcher, R., Kaslow, N. J., Leventhal, G., Shafranske, E., Sigmon, S. T., Stoltenberg, C. ve Grus, C. (2004). Defining competencies in psychology supervision: A consensus statement. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(7), 771-785. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20013
  • Falender, C. A. ve Shafranske, E. P. (2004). Clinical supervision: A competency-based approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246313516260
  • Falender, C. A., Shafranske, E. P. ve Ofek, A. (2014). Competent clinical supervision: Emerging effective practices. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 27(4), 393-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2014.934785
  • Glaser, R. D. ve Thorpe, J. S. (1986). Unethical intimacy: A survey of sexual contact and advances between psychology educators and female graduate students. American Psychologist, 41(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.1.43
  • Hagler, M. A. (2020). LBGQ-affirming and -nonaffirming supervision: Perspectives from a queer trainee. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 30(1), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000165
  • Hall, J. C. ve Spencer, R. E. (2017). Illuminating the phenomenological challenges of cross-cultural supervision. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 87(2–3), 238–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377317.2017.1324108
  • Hammond, S. W. ve O’Donovan, A. (2015). Ethical issues in supervision. İçinde S. Morrissey, P. Reddy, G. R. Davidson, A. Allan, A. (Edl), Ethics and professional practice for psychologists (ss. 134-146). Melbourne: Cencage.
  • Harrar, W. R., VandeCreek, L. ve Knapp, S. (1990). Ethical and legal aspects of clinical supervision. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.21.1.37
  • Jones, C. T., Welfare, L. E., Melchior, S. ve Cash, R. M. (2019). Broaching as a strategy for intercultural understanding in clinical supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 38(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2018.1560384
  • Keith-Spiegel, P. ve Koocher, G. P. (1985). Ethics in psychology: Professional standards and cases (2. Basım). Crown Publishing Group/Random House.
  • King, K. M., Borders, L. D. ve Jones, C. T. (2020). Multicultural orientation in clinical supervision: Examining impact through dyadic data. The Clinical Supervisor, 39(2), 248–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2020.1763223
  • Kitchener, K. S. (2000). Foundations of ethical practice, research, and teaching in psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203893838
  • Ladany, N., Brittan-Powell, C. S. ve Pannu, R. K. (1997). The influence of supervisory racial identity interaction and racial matching on the supervisory working alliance and supervisee multicultural competence. Counselor Education and Supervision, 36(4), 284–304. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.1997.tb00396.x
  • Ladany, N., Ellis, M. V. ve Friedlander, M. L. (1999). The supervisory working alliance, trainee self-efficacy, and satisfaction. Journal of Counseling & Development, 77, 447–455. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1999.tb02472.x
  • Lusk, M., Terrazas, S. ve Salcido, R. (2017). Critical cultural competence in social work supervision. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 41(5), 464–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2017.1313801
  • Malloy, K. A., Dobbins, J. E., Ducheny, K. ve Winfrey, L. L. (2010). The management and supervision competency: Current and future directions. İçinde M. B. Kenkel ve R. L. Peterson (Edl.), Competency-Based Education for Professional Psychology (ss. 161-178). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12068-009
  • Nagy, T. (2021). Psikologlar için temel meslek etiği: Temel konuları anlamak ve üstesinden gelmek için bir el kitabı (İ. Dağ, Çev.). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Ltd. (2011)
  • Ofek, A. (2013). The supervisory alliance and trainee disclosure of clinically relevant events in supervision (Publication No. 3565339) [Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University]. PQDT Open.
  • Pope, K. S. ve Vasquez, M. J. (2015). Psikoterapi ve danışmanlıkta etik: Uygulama için bir kılavuz (M. Akhun, Y. Korkut ve İ. Dağ, Çev.). Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları. (1998)
  • Türk Psikologlar Derneği. (2004). Türk Psikologlar Derneği Etik Yönetmeliği. Türk Psikologlar Derneği’nin sitesinden alınmıştır. https://psikolog.org.tr/belgeler/etik-yonetmeligi-qbf8w.pdf
  • Vasquez, M. J. (1992). Psychologist as clinical supervisor: Promoting ethical practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 23(3), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.23.3.196

Klinik Psikolojide Süpervizyon Uygulamalarında Etik Konular

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 535 - 553, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1439199

Abstract

Klinik süpervizyon, alanda çalışan klinik psikologların mesleki deneyimlerini geliştirmelerinde büyük önem taşımaktadır. Terapistlerin bilgilerini, kazanımlarını ve uygulamalarını düzenli olarak deneyimli bir süpervizörle tartışma ve gözden geçirme fırsatı sunar. Süpervizyon, klinisyenlerin sadece uygulama becerilerini geliştirmekle kalmayıp aynı zamanda etik uygulama için temel oluşturan profesyonel tutumları, kariyerleri boyunca edinmelerini kolaylaştırarak terapistlerin uygulama becerilerini en yetkin şekilde nasıl kullanacağını öğrenmelerine katkıda bulunur. Etik ilkeler ve yönetmelikler, psikologların süpervizyon sırasında yaşayabilecekleri zorluklarla ve ikilemlerle başa çıkmaları için bir rehber olmaktadır. Derlemenin amacı, klinik psikoloji alanındaki süpervizyon uygulamalarında yer alan etik konuları incelemek ve bu alanda çalışan süpervizörlerin ve süpervizyon aşamasındaki terapistlerin, süpervizyon sürecinde karşılaştıkları etik konuları tartışmaktır. İncelenen konular arasında mesleki ve kültürel yetkinlik, sorumluluk ve roller, bilgilendirilmiş onam, kayıt tutma ve belgeleme, değerlendirme ve geribildirim, çoklu ilişkiler, cinsel ilişki ve sınırlar, acil durumlar ve ulaşılabilir olma, süreci bitirme ve profesyonel ilişkiyi sonlandırma ve süpervizyonda karşılaşılan sorunlar yer almaktadır. Süpervizyon ilişkisinin etik bir şekilde yürütülebilmesi için süpervizörlerin ve süpervizyon alan kişilerin yaşadığı ikilemler tartışılmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Etik kurul onayı gerektiren bir çalışma değildir.

References

  • American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/
  • Annas, G. J. (1980). The care of private patients in teaching hospitals: legal implications. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 56(4), 403.
  • Barnett, J. E. (2011). Ethical issues in clinical supervision. The Clinical Psychologist, 64, 14-20.
  • Barnett, J. E. ve Molzon, C. H. (2014). Clinical supervision of psychotherapy: Essential ethics issues for supervisors and supervisees. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(11), 1051-1061. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22126
  • Barnett, J. E., Wise, E. H., Johnson-Greene, D. ve Bucky, S. F. (2007). Informed consent: Too much of a good thing or not enough?. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(2), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.38.2.179
  • Bernard, J. M. ve Goodyear, R. K. (1998). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (2. Basım). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Bordin, E. S. (1983). Supervision in counseling: II. Contemporary models of supervision: A working alliance based model of supervision. Counseling Psychologist, 11(1), 35–42. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/0011000083111007
  • Bridge, P. ve Bascue, L. (1988). A record form for psychotherapy supervision. İçinde P. Keller ve S. Heyman (Eds.), Innovations in Clinical Practice (Vol. 7, ss. 331-336). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange.
  • Burian, B. K. ve Slimp, A. O. C. (2000). Social dual-role relationships during internship: A decision-making model. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31(3), 332-338. https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7028.31.3.332
  • Dow, D. M., Hart, G. M. ve Nance, D. W. (2009). Supervision styles and topics discussed in supervision. Clinical Supervisor, 28(1), 36–46. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/07325220902832515
  • Ellis, M. V. (2017). Narratives of harmful clinical supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 36(1), 20-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2017.1297752
  • Falender, C. A., Cornish, J. A. E., Goodyear, R., Hatcher, R., Kaslow, N. J., Leventhal, G., Shafranske, E., Sigmon, S. T., Stoltenberg, C. ve Grus, C. (2004). Defining competencies in psychology supervision: A consensus statement. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(7), 771-785. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20013
  • Falender, C. A. ve Shafranske, E. P. (2004). Clinical supervision: A competency-based approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246313516260
  • Falender, C. A., Shafranske, E. P. ve Ofek, A. (2014). Competent clinical supervision: Emerging effective practices. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 27(4), 393-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2014.934785
  • Glaser, R. D. ve Thorpe, J. S. (1986). Unethical intimacy: A survey of sexual contact and advances between psychology educators and female graduate students. American Psychologist, 41(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.1.43
  • Hagler, M. A. (2020). LBGQ-affirming and -nonaffirming supervision: Perspectives from a queer trainee. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 30(1), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000165
  • Hall, J. C. ve Spencer, R. E. (2017). Illuminating the phenomenological challenges of cross-cultural supervision. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 87(2–3), 238–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377317.2017.1324108
  • Hammond, S. W. ve O’Donovan, A. (2015). Ethical issues in supervision. İçinde S. Morrissey, P. Reddy, G. R. Davidson, A. Allan, A. (Edl), Ethics and professional practice for psychologists (ss. 134-146). Melbourne: Cencage.
  • Harrar, W. R., VandeCreek, L. ve Knapp, S. (1990). Ethical and legal aspects of clinical supervision. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.21.1.37
  • Jones, C. T., Welfare, L. E., Melchior, S. ve Cash, R. M. (2019). Broaching as a strategy for intercultural understanding in clinical supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 38(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2018.1560384
  • Keith-Spiegel, P. ve Koocher, G. P. (1985). Ethics in psychology: Professional standards and cases (2. Basım). Crown Publishing Group/Random House.
  • King, K. M., Borders, L. D. ve Jones, C. T. (2020). Multicultural orientation in clinical supervision: Examining impact through dyadic data. The Clinical Supervisor, 39(2), 248–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2020.1763223
  • Kitchener, K. S. (2000). Foundations of ethical practice, research, and teaching in psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203893838
  • Ladany, N., Brittan-Powell, C. S. ve Pannu, R. K. (1997). The influence of supervisory racial identity interaction and racial matching on the supervisory working alliance and supervisee multicultural competence. Counselor Education and Supervision, 36(4), 284–304. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.1997.tb00396.x
  • Ladany, N., Ellis, M. V. ve Friedlander, M. L. (1999). The supervisory working alliance, trainee self-efficacy, and satisfaction. Journal of Counseling & Development, 77, 447–455. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1999.tb02472.x
  • Lusk, M., Terrazas, S. ve Salcido, R. (2017). Critical cultural competence in social work supervision. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 41(5), 464–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2017.1313801
  • Malloy, K. A., Dobbins, J. E., Ducheny, K. ve Winfrey, L. L. (2010). The management and supervision competency: Current and future directions. İçinde M. B. Kenkel ve R. L. Peterson (Edl.), Competency-Based Education for Professional Psychology (ss. 161-178). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12068-009
  • Nagy, T. (2021). Psikologlar için temel meslek etiği: Temel konuları anlamak ve üstesinden gelmek için bir el kitabı (İ. Dağ, Çev.). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Ltd. (2011)
  • Ofek, A. (2013). The supervisory alliance and trainee disclosure of clinically relevant events in supervision (Publication No. 3565339) [Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University]. PQDT Open.
  • Pope, K. S. ve Vasquez, M. J. (2015). Psikoterapi ve danışmanlıkta etik: Uygulama için bir kılavuz (M. Akhun, Y. Korkut ve İ. Dağ, Çev.). Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları. (1998)
  • Türk Psikologlar Derneği. (2004). Türk Psikologlar Derneği Etik Yönetmeliği. Türk Psikologlar Derneği’nin sitesinden alınmıştır. https://psikolog.org.tr/belgeler/etik-yonetmeligi-qbf8w.pdf
  • Vasquez, M. J. (1992). Psychologist as clinical supervisor: Promoting ethical practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 23(3), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.23.3.196
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

İdil Alaftar 0000-0002-5504-1200

Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date February 20, 2024
Acceptance Date June 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Alaftar, İ. (2024). Klinik Psikolojide Süpervizyon Uygulamalarında Etik Konular. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 11(3), 535-553. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1439199