Bartholyoshka’s Law: *sǵh > Indic h (or Indo-Iranian *ȷ́h) and A Few Indo-European, Indic, Iranian, Greek, Albanian, etc. Etymologies

Abstract

More than a century ago Bartholomae proposed a sound change of Indo-European *sǵh between vowels to Indic h (presumably via Indo-Iranian *ȷ́h) based on just two examples (one uncertain, the other almost certainly wrong). A generation later Scheftelowitz insisted on a different reflex of *sǵh in Indic, namely jjh, and he provided not even one example. At the same time there were and are numerous examples of words with h between vowels in Indic (at least one of them with a cognate in Iranian that show z < *ȷ́ < *ȷ́h) and without etymologies. I provide seven etymologies that seem practically certain and one less so. In the process I also provide for the first time etymologies of one Greek and two Albanian words that also come from etyma with the *sǵh cluster. And, as usual, I argue that the story of the misanalysis of all these Indic, Iranian, Greek, and Albanian data by earlier scholars demonstrate serious methodological defects in historical linguistics (and in science generally) that should be acknowledged and then repaired. The repair should involve a revolution leading to what I call Indo-European Linguistics with a Human Face.

Keywords

• Indo-European Languages
• Sound Change
• Etymology
• Historical Linguistics

Bartholyoshka Kanunu: *sǵh > Hintçe h (veya Hintçe-Farsça *ȷ́h) ve Birkaç Hint-Avrupa Dili ile Hintçe, Farsça, Yunanca, Arnavutça vb. Etimolojiler

Abstract

Yüzyıldan fazla bir süre önce Bartholomae sadece iki örneğe dayanarak (biri belirsiz, diğeri neredeyse kesinlikle yanlış) Hint-Avrupa *sǵh sesinin ünlüler arasında Hintçe h'ye (muhtemelen Hint-İran *ȷ́h aracılığıyla) dönüştüğünü öne sürdü. Bir nesil sonra Scheftelowitz, İndicede *sǵh'nin farklı bir refleksi, yani jjh üzerinde ısrar etti ve tek bir örnek bile vermedi. Aynı zamanda, İndikçede ünlüler arasında h bulunan (en azından bir tanesi İrancada z < *ȷ́ < *ȷ́h gösteren bir soydaşı olan) ve etimolojisi olmayan çok sayıda kelime örneği vardı ve var. Pratik olarak kesin görünen yedi etimoloji ve daha az kesin görünen bir etimoloji sağladım. Bu süreçte, *sǵh kümesiyle etimadan gelen bir Yunanca ve iki Arnavutça kelimenin etimolojilerini de ilk kez sunuyorum. Ve her zamanki gibi, tüm bu Hintçe, İranca, Yunanca ve Arnavutça verilerin daha önceki akademisyenler tarafından yanlış analiz edilmesinin öyküsünün, tarihsel dilbilimde (ve genel olarak bilimde) kabul edilmesi ve ardından onarılması gereken ciddi metodolojik kusurları gösterdiğini savunuyorum. Bu onarım, benim İnsan Yüzlü Hint-Avrupa Dilbilimi olarak adlandırdığım bir devrimi içermelidir.

Keywords

• Hint-Avrupa Dilleri
• Ses Değişimi
• Etimoloji
• Tarihsel Dilbilim

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