2008 Rusya-Gürcistan Savaşı’nda ve Sonrasında Devlet ve Uluslararası Örgütlerin Tutumları

Abstract

2008 Rusya-Gürcistan Savaşı, Batı ile Doğu arasında Soğuk Savaş esintilerinin devam ettiğini göstermiştir. Bölgedeki ayrılıkçı grupların Rusya tarafından desteklenmesi yanı sıra NATO’nun çevreleme politikasına bir tepki olarak ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu süreçte esas olarak AB’nin olası krizi göze almayıp tarafsız tutumla savaşı sonlandırmaya çalışma girişimleri ve NATO ile BM’nin ise sadece ifadeler ve kınamalarla sınırlı kaldığı sürecin özetini ortaya koyarken Rusya’nın kıta Avrupası üzerindeki baskıcı etkisini açığa çıkarmıştır. Çalışmada 2008 Rusya-Gürcistan Savaşı’na dair uluslararası örgütler olarak BM, AB, NATO ve ŞİÖ’nün tepkileri ve bu tepkilerin nedenleri ön plana koyularak olayın uluslararası kamuoyundaki bahsi geçen aktörlerce bölgede etkinin oluştuğuna dair genel bir perspektiften bakılarak incelenmiştir.

Keywords

• : Gürcistan
• Rusya
• Avrupa Birliği
• NATO
• Birleşmiş Milletler
• Uluslararası Kamuoyu

The Attitudes of States and International Organizations During and After the 2008 Russia-Georgia War

Abstract

The 2008 Russia-Georgia War demonstrated the lingering echoes of the Cold War between the West and the East. It prominently featured the support of separatist groups in the region by Russia, which emerged partly in response to NATO's containment policies. Throughout this period, the European Union primarily attempted to end the conflict through a neutral stance, unwilling to risk exacerbating the crisis. Meanwhile, NATO and the United Nations limited their involvement to mere statements and condemnations, highlighting Russia's coercive influence over continental Europe. This study examines the responses of international organizations—specifically the UN, EU, NATO, and CIS—to the 2008 Russia-Georgia War. It focuses on the reasons behind these responses, providing a general perspective on how these actors influenced the region's dynamics in the international public opinion discourse.

Keywords

• Georgia
• Russia
• European Union
• NATO
• United Nations
• International Public Opinion

References

1. Agenda Ge. (2021). Georgia wins August war case against Russia in ECHR. Agenda.Ge. https://www.agenda.ge/en/news/2021/167
2. Alptekin, G. (2021). 2008 Rusya-Gürcistan Savaşı ve savaş sonrası büyük ve bölgesel güçlerin tepki ve politikaları. Rusya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(6), 110-130.
3. BBC News. (2008). Medvedev warns on NATO expansion. BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7312045.stm
4. Bezhanişhvili, Z. (2009). Between conflict and partnership: Contemporary developments in Russian-Georgian relations. Russian Politics and Law, 47(3), 19-35.
5. Boonstra, J. (2008). Georgia and Russia: A short war with a long aftermath. Senior Researcher Democratisation Programme.
6. Bowker, M. (2011). The war in Georgia and the Western response. Central Asian Survey, 30(2), 197-221.
7. Braun, A. (2009). NATO and Russia: Post-Georgia threat perceptions. Russie Nei Visions, 40, 1-21.
8. Cornell, S. (2001). Small nations and great powers: A study of ethnopolitical conflict in the Caucasus. Routledge Curzon.

9. Charbonneau, L. (2008, August 8). UN council split on South Ossetia, Russia angry. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN08382293
10. Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice. (1945). San Francisco.
11. Chicky, J. E. (2009). The Russian-Georgian war: Political and military implications for U.S. policy. Policy Paper.
12. Citak, İ., & Harris, C. (2018). Avrupa, Güney Osetya Savaşı'na gerekli tepkiyi verseydi Rusya, Kırım'ı ilhak edemezdi. Euronews. https://tr.euronews.com/2018/08/09/-avrupa-gurcistan-ve-osetya-savasina-gerekli-tepkiyi-verseydi-rusya-kirimi-ilhak-edemezdi
13. Civil Georgia. (2004a, June 1). Saakashvili sends reconciliatory signals to South Ossetia. Civil Georgia. https://civil.ge/archives/106023
14. Civil Georgia. (2004b, July 9). Tbilisi anticipates release of soldiers in the coming hours. Civil Georgia. https://civil.ge/archives/115618
15. Civil Georgia. (2004c, July 10). Saakashvili vows to regain control over South Ossetia amid sporadic shootouts in breakaway region. Civil Georgia. https://civil.ge/archives/115630
16. Civil Georgia. (2004d, July 18). Strategic Roki Pass to top next round of South Ossetia talks. Civil Georgia. https://civil.ge/archives/115691
17. Civil Georgia. (2007, March 29). Russia warns against Tbilisi’s ‘S.Ossetia administration’ plan. Civil Georgia. https://civil.ge/archives/185513
18. Civil Georgia. (2008a, August 7). Georgian village attacked? MIA. Civil Georgia. https://civil.ge/archives/116924
19. Civil Georgia. (2008b, August 7). Saakashvili appeals for peace in televised address. Civil Georgia. https://civil.ge/archives/116922
20. Dickinson, P. (2021). The 2008 Russo-Georgian War: Putin’s green light. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/the-2008-russo-georgian-war-putins-green-light/
21. Donovan, G. (2009). Russian operational art in the Russo-Georgian War of 2008. USAWC Strategy Research Project.
22. Erkan, S. (2016). 2008 Rusya-Gürcistan Savaşı ve uluslararası toplum. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 17, 41-64.
23. Fakin, G. (2009). The Russo-Georgian War of 2008: Developing the law of unauthorized humanitarian intervention after Kosovo. Boston University International Law Journal, 219-239.
24. German, T. C., & Bloch, B. (2006). The South Ossetia conflict: Collision of Georgia and Russian interests. Politique Etrangere, 1, 51-65.
25. Graff, P. (2008, August 9). Georgian troops in Iraq anxious to return home. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-georgia-ossetia-iraq-commander-idUSL927077820080809
26. Gürcistan Merkezi Tarih Arşivi (GMTA). F: 1836, K: 1, D: 99.
27. Herrberg, A. (2006). Conflict resolution in Georgia: A synthesis analysis with a legal perspective. Crisis Management Initiative.
28. Jones, G. (2008, August 28). Tough EU stance sought on Russia. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-georgia-eu-east/tough-eu-stance-sought-on-russia-idUSLS44957720080828
29. Khachapuridze, G. (1951). Pobeda Sovetskoi Vlasti v Gruzii. İzvestiya Akademii Nauk Armyanskoi SSR, 5-22.
30. Khidasheli, T. (2009). August ruins: Report of the Georgian non-governmental organizations on violation of fundamental human rights & international humanitarian law August War, 2008. Open Society - Georgia Foundation.
31. Konstitutsiya (Osnovnoi Zakon) Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik. (1977). Moskva: İzdanie Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR.
32. Kirdar, S. (2008). Conflict resolution in Georgia: An analysis applying the intractable conflict theory and the governmental politics model. Perceptions, 51-71.
33. Kruzel, J. J. (2008). U.S. helps redeploy Georgian forces. U.S. Army. https://www.army.mil/article/11603/u_s_helps_redeploy_georgian_forces
34. Kudava, M., Manjgaladze, G., Rurua, N., & Sikharulidze, V. (2006). Georgian-NATO relations and Georgian security. Center of Strategic & International Studies, 1-3.
35. Lacombe, J. M. (2005). The OSCE mission to Georgia: Mandate and activities. In F. Sabahi & D. Warner (Eds.), The OSCE and the multiple challenges of transition: The Caucasus and Central Asia (pp. 1-22). Ashgate.
36. Muzalevsky, R. (2009). The Russian-Georgian War: Implications for the UN and collective security. OAKA, 4(7), 29-43.
37. NATO. (2008). Statement by the North Atlantic Council on the Russian recognition of South Ossetia and Abkhazia regions of Georgia. NATO. https://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2008/p08-108e.html
38. NBC News. (2008). Meet the Press transcript for August 17, 2008. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna26252093
39. Nichol, J. (2009). Russia-Georgia conflict in August 2008: Context and implications for U.S. interests. Congressional Research Service.
40. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). (2008). NATO-Georgia joint press statement on the occasion of the North Atlantic Council visit to Georgia and the inaugural meeting of the NATO-Georgia Commission. NATO. https://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2008/p08-115e.html
41. Nußberger, A. (2009). The war between Russia and Georgia – Consequences and unresolved questions. Göttingen Journal of International Law, 1, 341-364.
42. Oralli, L. E. (2014). Uluslararası hukukta ve BM sisteminde askeri müdahale olgusu. ESAM Akademi Dergisi, 1(1), 102-127.
43. Öztürk, A. (2009). Rusya-Gürcistan krizi: Yerel bir çatışma, küresel yansımalar. OAKA, 4(7), 1-27.
44. Parmentier, F. (2010). Normative power, EU preferences and Russia: Lessons from the Russian-Georgian War. European Political Economy Review, 9, 49-61.
45. President of Russia. (2008, August 12). Dmitry Medvedev and Nicolas Sarkozy agreed on additional measures to the Georgian-South-Ossetian conflict resolution plan. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/1332
46. ReliefWeb. (2008). Background: Six-point peace plan for the Georgia-Russia conflict. ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/georgia/background-six-point-peace-plan-georgia-russia-conflict
47. RFE/RL. (2008, August 8). Newsline – August 8, 2008. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/1144530.html
48. Saakashvili, M. (2008). Statement by the President of Georgia H.E. Mikheil Saakashvili on the situation in Georgia. UNGA Document. https://www.un.org/press/en/2008/ga10711.doc.htm
49. Shakleyina, T. A., & Bogaturov, A. D. (2004). The Russian realists’ concept of the balance of power. Russia in Global Affairs, 2, 1-21.
50. Smith, D. J. (2008, November). The Saakashvili administration’s foreign policies: Advancing Tbilisi’s independence from Moscow. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Analyst.
51. Toal, G., & Merab, K. (2009). Prisoners of the Caucasus? Russia’s wars in Georgia and Chechnya. Routledge.
52. Vladimirov, A. (2010). NATO’s policy toward Russia after the Georgian War. Politique Etrangere, 75(1), 77-90.
53. Welt, C. (2008). Crisis in Georgia. Caucasus Analytic Digest, 4(6), 9-12.
54. Zürcher, C. (2007). The post-Soviet wars: Rebellion, ethnic conflict, and nationhood in the Caucasus. New York University Press.