Küreselleşmenin Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Dönemde Etiyopya Dış Politikasına Etkisi

Year 2017, Vol: 1, No: 1, 21 - 39, 10.05.2017

Muzeyin Hawas Sebsebe

Abstract

Dünyanın diğer bölgelerinde olduğu gibi, Etiyopya bölgesi de Soğuk Savaş
Dönemi Doğu-Batı rekabetinden etkilenmiştir. Gerek Doğu gerekse Batı bloğu
ülkeleri, Etiyopya bölgesinin ve Afrika boynuzunun stratejik açıdan önemli bir
bölümünde güçlü konumlarını sürdürmeyi  ekonomik ve siyasi fayda sağlamak adına önemli
bir ön şart olarak düşünüyordu. Dahası, iki blok, kendi ideolojilerine yakın
olan hükümetleri istikrara kavuşturmayı amaçlıyordu. Bu, Etiyopya’yı hem
ABD'nin en büyük ekonomik ve askeri yardım programının merkezi haline getirdi
hem de ABD’nın Sahra-altı Afrika'sındaki en büyük elçiliğinin burada
konumlanmasına yol açtı. Ancak bu uzun ömürlü ve güçlü ABD-Etiyopya ilişkisi,
Sovyet destekli bir askeri rejimin iktidara gelmesiyle paramparça oldu. Bununla birlikte, 1980'lerin
sonundaki SSCB'nin çöküşü, askeri rejimin genel kapasitesine ciddi bir darbe
indirdi. Nihayetinde 1991'deki askeri rejimin devrilmesine ve bunun yerine
Etiyopyalı Halkların Devrimci Demokratik Cephesi'nin (EPRDF) gelmesine yol
açtı. ABD'nin dış politikadaki önde gelen ortağı olarak Etiyopya, Soğuk Savaş
Sonrası dönemde başta piyasa ekonomisi ve liberal demokrasi olmak üzere egemen
evrensel paradigmanın etkisinde kaldı. Ayrıca, Soğuk Savaşın sona ermesi ve
ardından bölgede Çin, Hindistan, Türkiye, Brezilya, Malezya ve Körfez
Devletleri gibi yeni güçlerin ortaya çıkması, Etiyopya'nın dış politika
ortaklarının çeşitlenmesine yol açtı.

Keywords

Küreselleşme, Etiyopya, Demokrasi, Serbest Pazar, Dış Politika

Globalization and Its Impact on The Post-Cold War Era Ethiopia’s Foreign Policy

Abstract

Like the other parts of the world, the Ethiopian region was also affected by the East-West rivalry of the Cold War Era. Both the Eastern and Western block countries believed that maintaining a strong hold in the strategically important area of the Ethiopian region and horn of Africa is a pre-requisite to safeguard their economic and political benefit. Furthermore, the two blocks aimed to stabilize governments which were pro for their respective ideologies. This helped Ethiopia to be the focal point of the United States largest economic and military assistance program and the location of largest embassy in sub-Saharan Africa. This long lived and strong U.S - Ethiopian relationship, however, was devoured by the coming to power of a Soviet backed military regime. On the other hand, the disintegration of the former USSR in the late 1980s manifested a serious blow in the overall capacity of the military regime. This finally led to the down fall of the military regime in 1991 and its replacement by the late Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). Post-Cold War Era Ethiopia, as a main foreign policy partner of the U.S, was significantly influenced by the prevailed universal paradigm that mainly featured market economy and liberal democracy. Moreover, the culmination of the Cold War and the subsequent emergence of new powers in the region such as China, India, Turkey, Brazil, Malaysia and the oil reach Gulf States led to the diversification of Ethiopian foreign policy partners.

Keywords

Globalisation, Ethiopia, Democracy, Free Market, Foreign Policy

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