Diagnosis and Determination of Viral Disease Agents in Olive Saplings in Aydin, Balikesir and Izmir Provinces

Abstract

This study was carried out in order to determine the viral agents in the nurseries in the olive growing production areas in Aydın, Balıkesir and İzmir provinces between 2010 and. A total of 120 samples, 40 from each province, were collected from the nurseries in Aydın, Balıkesir and İzmir provinces. Molecular methods were applied to identify viral agents in collected olive samples. Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), cucumis mosaic virus (CMV), cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), strawberry latent ringspot nepovirus (SLRSV), olive latent-1 virus (OLV-1), olive latent-2 virus (OLV-2), olive latent-3 virus (OLV-3), olive latent ringspot virus (OLRSV) and olive leaf yellowing-associated virus (OLYaV) searched by RT-PCR molecular method. As a result of molecular analyzes; It was determined that there was 32.5%, 45% and 35% virus infection in Aydın, Balıkesir and İzmir provinces, respectively. It was determined that the collected samples were infected with 27.5% CMV and 7.5% ArMV in İzmir, 20% CMV and 12.5% ArMV in Aydın, 30% CMV and 15% ArMV in Balıkesir. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the viruses CLRV, SLRSV, OLV-1, OLV-2, OLRSV, OLYaV and OLV-3 were not found to infected in the samples taken from the nurseries.

Keywords

• Olive
• Virus diseases
• RT-PCR

Project Number

TAGEM-BS-06/04-04/02-09

Aydın, Balıkesir ve İzmir İllerinde Zeytin Fidanlarındaki Viral Hastalık Etmenlerinin Tanılanması ve Varlığının Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma 2009 ve 2012 yılları arasında Aydın, Balıkesir ve İzmir illerinde yaygın olarak zeytin yetiştiriciliği yapılan üretim alanlarındaki fidanlıklarda virüs hastalıklarının belirlenmesi, toplanan örneklerde virüslerin bulunma durumlarının ortaya konması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Aydın, Balıkesir ve İzmir illerindeki fidanlıklardan her ilden 40 adet olmak üzere, toplam 120 adet fidan örneği alınmıştır. Zeytin örneklerindeki viral etmenlerin tanılanması moleküler yöntemler kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), cherry leafroll virus (CLRV) ve strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), olive latent-1 virus (OLV-1), olive latent-2 virus (OLV-2), olive latent-3 virus (OLV-3), olive latent ringspot virus (OLRSV) ve olive leaf yellowing-associated virus (OLYaV) adlı virüslerin varlığı RT-PCR ile araştırılmıştır. Alınan fidan örneklerinde yapılan analizler sonucunda; Aydın ilinde %32.5, Balıkesir ilinde %45 ve İzmir ilinde %35 oranlarında virüs enfeksiyonu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toplanan örneklerin İzmir ilinde %27.5 CMV ve %7.5 ArMV, Aydın ilinde %20 CMV ve %12.5 ArMV, Balıkesir ilinde ise %30 CMV ve %15 oranlarında ArMV ile enfekteli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fidanlıklardan alınan örneklerde CLRV, SLRSV, OLV-1, OLV-2, OLRSV, OLYaV ve OLV-3 adlı virüslerin enfeksiyonunun olmadığı analizler sonucunda ortaya konmuştur.

Keywords

• Zeytin
• virüs hastalıkları
• RT-PCR

Supporting Institution

Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM)

Project Number

TAGEM-BS-06/04-04/02-09

References

1. 1. Alabdullah, A., El Beaino, T., Saponari, M., Hallak, H. and Digiaro, M., 2005. Preliminary evaluation of the status of olive-infecting viruses in Syria. EPPO Bulettin 35 (2): 249-252.
2. 2. Alabdullah, A., Elbeaino, T., Minafra A., Digiaro, M. and Martelli G.P., 2009, Detection and variability of olive latent virus 3 in the mediterranean region. Journal of Plant Pathology 91 (3): 521–525.
3. 3. Anonim, 2020. https://www.torbalito.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Zeytinya%C4%9F%C4%B1-Sekt%C3%B6r-Raporu.pdf )
4. 4. Barba, M., 1993, Viruses and virus-like diseases of olive. EPPO Bulettin 23: 493-497.
5. 5. Beler, Ö. ve Açıkgöz, S., 2005, Ege ve Marmara Bölgelerindeki zeytin fidanlıkları ve ağaçlarında görülen bazı virüs hastalıklarının Elisa testi ile saptanması. ADÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 2(1) : 79 - 84
6. 6. Bertolini, E., Olmos, A., Gorris, M.T., Martinez, M.C. and Cambra, M., 2001, Single-step multiplex RT-PCR for simultaneous and colourimetric detection of six RNA viruses in olive trees. J. Virol. Methods 96: 33-41.
7. 7. Cardoso, J.M.S., Felix, M.R., Oliveira, S. and Clara, M.I.E., 2004, A Tobacco necrosis virus D isolate from Olea europaea L: viral characterization anf coat protein sequence analysis. Archives of Virology, 149: 1129-1138.
8. 8. Candresse, T., Lannneau,T., Revers, F., Grasseau, N., Macquaire, G., German, S., Malinowsky, T., Dunez, J., 1995, An Immunocapture PCR assay adapted to the detection and theanalysis of the moleculer varibality of apple chlorotic leafspotvirus. Acta Horticulturae, 386: 136-147.

9. 9. Çağlayan, K., Fidan, U., Tarla, G., and Gazel, M., 2004, First report of olive viruses in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology, 86 (1): 89-90.
10. 10. Demirci, M. ve Bölükbaşı, B., 2003, “Akdeniz Beslenme Tarzında Zeytinyağının Önemi”, Türkiye 1. Zeytinyağı ve Sofralık Zeytin Sempozyumu Bildirileri, s.41-48.
11. 11. Erilmez, S ve Erkan, S., 2014. The identification of virus diseases in olive trees in Aydin, Balikesir and İzmir provinces and the determination of their present status. Plant Protection Bulletin, 54(1):45-67.
12. 12. Fadel, C., Digiaro, M., Choueiri, E., El Beaino, T., Saponari, M., Savino, V. and Martelli, G.P., 2005, On the presence and distribution of olive viruses in Lebanon. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 35: 33-36.
13. 13. Faggioli, F. and Barba, M., 1995, An elongated virus isolated from olive (Olea europaea). Acta Horticulturae 386, p. 593-599. 14. Faggioli, F., Ferretti, L., Pasquini, G., and Barba, M., 2002, Detection of Strawberry latent ring spot virus in leaves of olive trees in Italy using a one-step RT-PCR. Journal of Phytopathology 150: 636-639.
14. 15. Faggioli, F., Ferretti, L., Albanese, G., Sciarroni, R., Pasquini, G., Lumia, V. and Barba,M., 2005, Distribution of olive tree viruses in Italy as revealed by one-step RT-PCR. Journal of Plant Pathology, 87 (1): 49-55.
15. 16. Felix, M.R.F. and Clara, M.I.E., 2002, Two Necrovirus isolates with properties of Olive latent virus 1 and of Tobacco necrosis virus from olive in Portugal. Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Olive Growing. Acta Horticulturae 586 (2): 725-727. 17. Fidan, Ü. ve Ertem, G., 1995, Ege Bölgesi’ndeki zeytin ağaçlarında virüs hastalıklarının ELISA yöntemi ile belirlenmesi üzerinde araştırmalar. VII. Türkiye Fitopatoloji Kongresi, s. 555.
16. 18. Foissac, X., Savalle-Dumas, L., Gentit, P., Dulucq, M.J. and Candresse, T., 2001, Polyvalent detection of fruit tree Tricho, Capillo, and Foveaviruses by nested RTPCR using degenerated and inosine-containing primers (PDO RT-PCR). Acta Horticulturae 550: 37–44.
17. 19. Gallitelli, D. and Savino, V., 1985, Olive latent virus 1. A single RNA spherical virus isolated from olive in Apulia (southern Italy). Annals of Applied Biology 106: 295-303.
18. 20. Grieco, F., Saponari, M., Alkowni, R, Savino, V. and Martelli, G.P., 2000, Molecular detection of olive viruses. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin. 30: 469-473.
19. 21. Kanematsu, S., Taga,Y. and Morikawa, T., 2001, Isolation of Olive latent virus 1 from tulip in Toyoma prefecture. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 67:333-334.
20. 22. Kreuzer, H. and Massey, A., 1996, Recombinant DNA and biotechnology, A guide for students. American Society for Microbiology. Washington D.C., 542.
21. 23. Loconsole,G., Saponari, M., Faggioli, F., Albanese, G., Bouyahia, H.,Elbeaino, T., Materazzi, M., Nuzzaci, M., Prota, V., Romanazzi, G., Trisciuzzi, N. and Savino, V., 2010, Inter-laboratory validation of PCR-based protocol for detection ofolive viruses. EPPO Bulletin 40 (3): 423-428.
22. 24. Martelli, G.P., Yılmaz, M.A., Savino, V., Baloğlu, S., Grieco, F., Güldür, M.E., Greco, N. and Lafortezza, R., 1996, Properties of a citrus isolate of olive latent virus 1, a new necrovirus. Eur. J. Plant Path. 102: 527-536.
23. 25. Martelli, G.P., 1999, Infectious diseases and certification of olive: an overview. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 29: 127-133.
24. 26. Materazzi, A., Toni, S., Panatroni, A., Osti, M. and Triolo, E., 1996, On the presence of a new isometric virus in Olea europaea L. In: Atti convengo Annuale della Societa Italiana di Patologia Vegetale, pp.57-59. Universita di Pisa (IT) (in Italian).
25. 27. Öztürk, F., 2008, “Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Zeytincilik Sektörü”, Zeytincilik Araştırma Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Bilgisayar Kayıtları (İzmir – 2008).
26. 28. Pesante, A. 1938, On an unknown disease of olive. Bollettino della Stazione di Patalogia Vegetale, Roma, 18: 401-428. 29. Rei, F.T., Henriques, M.I.C., Leitao, F.A., Serrano, L.F. and Potes, M.F., 1993, Immunodiagnosis of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus in different olive cultivars. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 23: 510-514.
27. 30. Savino, V., Barba, M., Gallitelli, D. and Martelli, G.P., 1979, Two nepoviruses isolated from olive in Italy. Pytopathologia Mediterranea 18: 135-142.
28. 31. Savino, V. and Gallitelli, D., 1981, Cherry leafroll virus in olive. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 20: 202-203. 32. Savino, V. and Gallitelli, D. 1983, Isolation of cucumber mosaic virus from olive in Italy. Pytopathologia Mediterranea 22: 76-77.
29. 33. Savino, V., Gallitelli, D. and Barba, M., 1983, Olive latent ringspot virus, a newly recognized virus infecting olive in Italy. Annals of Applied Biology 103: 243-249.
30. 34. Savino, V., Piazzolla, P., Di Franco, A. and Martelli, G.P., 1984, Olive latent virus 2, a newly recognized virus with differently shaped particles. Proceeding of the VI Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, Cairo 1984, p. 24-26. 35. Savino, V., Sabanadzovic, S., Scarito, G., Laviola, C. and Martelli, G.P., 1996, Two olive yellows of possible origin in Sicily Informatore Fitopatologico 46 (5): 55-59.
31. 36. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. http://www.tuik.gov.tr. (Erişim Tarihi: 25 Aralık 2021)
32. 37. Triolo, E., Materazzi, A. and Toni, S., 1996, An isolate of Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus from Olea europaea. Advances in Horticultural Science, 10: 39-45.
33. 38. Ulubaş Serçe, Ç., Yalçın, S., Gazel, M., Çağlayan, K. and Faggioli, F., 2007, First report of Olive latent virus-1 from olive trees in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology 89 (3):73.
34. 39. Ulubaş Serçe, Ç., Yalçın, S., Gazel, M. ve Çağlayan, K., 2009, Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi zeytin ağaçlarında Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV)’ün saptanması ve karekterizasyonu. Türkiye III. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, s.174.
35. 40. Yalçın, S., Ylubaş Serçe, Ç., Çağlayan, K. and Gazel, M., 2007, Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi zeytin ağaçlarındaki virüslerin RT-PCR ile belirlenmesi. Türkiye II. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, s.307.
36. 41. Youssef, S.A., Moawed, S.M., El-Sayed, M. and Shalaby, A.A., 2010, Detection of olive tree viruses in Egypt by one-step RT-PCR. 21st International Conference on Virus and other Graft Transmissible Diseases of Fruit Crops, 427 p.