Performance of Super Slender Axe (SSA) Training System on M × M 14 and Gisela 6 Rootstocks

Abstract

Sweet cherry is an important species produced and traded worldwide and in our country. Dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks and new training systems developed in the last 50-60 years worldwide are widely used in cherry orchards. In Türkiye, the majority of cherry growing is done with semi-vigorous and vigorous rootstocks and traditional systems. In our country, new training systems are still in the testing phase. This study was conducted in the trial orchard of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Agriculture Agricultural Application Center in Bafra district of Samsun in 2021 and 2022. In the experiment, '0900 Ziraat' cultivar grafted on Ma×Ma14 and Gisela 6 (Gi6) rootstock with Super Slender Axe (SSA) training system was used. In the experiment, phenological observations, fruit weight (g), fruit width (mm), soluble solids content (SSC, %), fruit firmness (kg. cm-2), yield per tree (kg. tree-1) and yield per decare (kg.da-1), fruit color (L, C, Ho), tree height (m), harvest time (min.kg-1) and pruning times (min) were determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that the trees on the Gi6 rootstock flowered and early fruit bearing, the fruits on this rootstock were larger and their productivity was higher than those on Ma×Ma14. In the study, it was determined that harvest and pruning times were shorter in trees on Gi6 rootstock than on M×M14. These results in the study revealed that the SSA system performed better on semi-dwarf rootstocks.

Keywords

• Prunus avium L
• Yield
• Fruit quality
• Phenology
• Growing

Super Slender Axe (SSA) Terbiye Sisteminin M × M 14 ve Gisela 6 Anaçları Üzerindeki Performansı

Öz

Kiraz dünyada ve ülkemizde üretimi ve ticareti yapılan önemli bir türdür. Dünya’da son 50-60 yılda geliştirilen bodur ve yarı bodur anaçlar ile yeni terbiye sistemleri kiraz bahçelerinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de ise kiraz yetiştiriciliğinin büyük bir çoğunluğu yarı kuvvetli ve kuvvetli anaçlar ve geleneksel sistemler ile yapılmaktadır. Ülkemizde yeni terbiye sistemleri henüz deneme aşamasındadır. Bu çalışma 2021 ve 2022 yıllarında Samsun’un Bafra ilçesi’nde Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarımsal Uygulama Merkezi’ne ait deneme bahçesinde yürütülmüştür. Denemede Super Slender Axe (SSA) terbiye sistemi ile Ma×Ma14 ve Gisela 6 (Gi6) anacı üzerine aşılı ‘0900 Ziraat’ çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Denemede, fenolojik gözlemler, meyve ağırlığı (g), meyve eni (mm), suda çözünür kuru madde içeriği (SÇKM, %), meyve eti sertliği (kg.cm-2), ağaç başına (kg. ağaç-1) ve dekara verim (kg. da-1), meyve rengi (L, C, Ho), ağaç boyu (m), hasat süresi (dk. kg-1) ve budama süreleri (dk) belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Gi6 anacı üzerindeki ağaçların daha erken çiçeklenip meyve verdikleri, bu anaç üzerindeki meyvelerin daha iri ve verimlerinin de Ma×Ma14’e göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada hasat ve budama sürelerinin Gi6 anacı üzerindeki ağaçlarda M×M14’e göre daha kısa olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmadaki bu sonuçlar ile SSA sisteminin yarı bodur anaçlar üzerinde daha iyi performans gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Prunus avium L.
• Verim
• Meyve kalitesi
• Fenoloji
• Yetiştiricilik

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