In vitro Kültürlerde Elisitörler

Öz

Bitkiler, farmasötikler, tarım kimyasalları, tatlar, kokular, renkler, biyopestisitler ve gıda katkı maddeleri olarak kullanılan çok çeşitli ikincil (sekonder) metabolitlerin değerli bir kaynağıdır. Ekolojik, politik veya coğrafi gibi çeşitli nedenlerle, bu değerli bileşiklerin bazılarının kaynağı olan bitki ham maddelerinin arzı giderek azalmakta, spesifik bir metabolitin üretimi ise genellikle çok düşük miktarlarda sınırlanmaktadır. Ayrıca belirli bir sekonder metabolitin üretimi bir tür veya cinsle sınırlı kalmakta ve yalnızca belirli bir büyüme veya gelişme aşamasında ya da mevsim, stres veya besin mevcudiyeti ile ilgili belirli koşullar altında etkinleştirilebilmektedir. Bitki, hücre, doku ve organ kültürü teknikleri, bitki ıslahı ve biyosentetik yollarla geleneksel yöntemi tamamlama olanakları ile kaçınılmaz bir araç olarak ortaya çıkmış ve bu tekniklerin kullanımı sayesinde sekonder metabolitlerin biyoteknolojik üretiminde önemli çabalar sarf edilmiştir. Son yıllarda biyokütle birikiminde ve sekonder bileşiklerin sentezinde kullanılmak üzere, çeşitli stratejiler geliştirilmiş olup, geliştirilen bu stratejiler arasında en dikkat çekenlerden bir tanesi elisitasyondur. Bu değerlendirmede, hücre, organ ve bitki sistemlerinden istenen sekonder metabolitlerin üretimini artırmak için pratik olarak en uygun strateji olarak kabul edilen elisitasyon ile bu amaca yönelik kullanılan elisitörler hakkında bilgiler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Abiyotik elisitörler
• biyotik elisitörler
• elisitasyon
• in vitro

Elicitors in in vitro Cultures

Abstract

Plants are a valuable source of a wide variety of secondary metabolites used as pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, flavors, fragrances, colors, biopesticides and food additives. For various reasons such as ecological, political or geographical, the supply of plant raw materials, which are the source of some of these valuable compounds, is gradually decreasing, and the production of a specific metabolite is generally limited to very low amounts. Moreover, the production of a particular secondary metabolite is limited to a species or genus and can only be activated at a particular growth or development stage or under certain conditions related to season, stress or nutrient availability. Plant, cell, tissue and organ culture techniques have emerged as an inevitable tool with the possibilities of completing the traditional method through plant breeding and biosynthetic means, and thanks to the use of these techniques, significant efforts have been made in the biotechnological production of secondary metabolites. In recent years, various strategies have been developed to be used in biomass accumulation and synthesis of secondary compounds, and one of the most striking among these developed strategies is elicitation. In this study, information is presented about elicitation, which is practically the most appropriate strategy to increase the production of secondary metabolites desired from cells, organs and plant systems, and the elicitors used for this purpose.

Keywords

• Abiotic elicitors
• biotic elicitors
• elicitation
• in vitro

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