Bazı Nektarin Çeşitlerinde Yapraktan Kalsiyum ve Potasyum Uygulamalarının Meyve Verimi ve Kalite Özelliklerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Gardeta, Gartairo ve Garofa nektarin çeşitlerinde hasat öncesi yapraktan AminoQuelant-Kalsiyum, AminoQuelant-Potasyum ve AminoQuelant-Kalsiyum+AminoQuelant-Potasyum uygulamalarının meyve kalitesine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yaprak uygulamaları; Garofa çeşidinde tam çiçeklenmeden 39 gün sonra, Gartairo çeşidinde 40 gün sonra ve Gardeta çeşidinde 36 gün sonra yapılmaya başlanmış ve birer hafta arayla 3 kez yinelenmiştir. Çalışmada, ağaç başına verim (kg) yanında meyve ağırlığı (g), meyve eni (mm), meyve boyu (mm), meyve yüksekliği (mm), meyve eti sertliği (kg-kuvvet), çekirdek ağırlığı (g), et-çekirdek oranı, suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı (SÇKM; %), pH ve asitlik (%) değerleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, meyve kabuk ve et rengi değerleri Minolta renk ölçer (L, a*, b*, C ve h°) ile ölçülmüştür. En yüksek ağaç başına verime AminoQuelant-Kalsiyum+AminoQuelant-Potasyum uygulaması (30.40 kg/ağaç) sahip olurken, en düşük verim kontrolden (17.20 kg) elde edilmiştir. En iri meyveler Aminoquelant-Kalsiyum uygulamasında (139.54 g) saptanırken, en küçük meyveler kontrolde (112.28 g) belirlenmiştir. AminoQuelant-Potasyum (4.00 kg-kuvvet) ve AminoQuelant-Kalsiyum+AminoQuelant-Potasyum (3.85 kg-kuvvet) meyve sertliğini artıran önemli uygulamalar olmuşlardır. SÇKM içeriği, %13.76 (AminoQuelant-Kalsiyum) ile %12.30 (kontrol) arasında değişmiştir. En koyu meyve kabuk ve et rengi değerleri (düşük chroma ve h°) AminoQuelant-Kalsiyum uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, nektarin çeşitlerinde yapraktan AminoQuelant-Kalsiyum ve AminoQuelant-Potasyum’un birlikte yapıldığı uygulamaların hem meyve verimi hem de meyve kalite özelliklerini olumlu yönde etkiledikleri belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Prunus
• nektarin
• yapraktan besleme
• verim
• meyve iriliği

Effect of Foliar Calcium and Potassium Applications on Fruit Yield and Quality Characteristics of Some Nectarine Cultivars

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effects of fruit quality on pre-harvest foliar AminoQuelant-Calcium, AminoQuelant-Potassium and AminoQuelant-Calcium+AminoQuelant-Potassium applications in Gardeta, Gartairo and Garofa nectarine cultivars. The foliar treatments were applied 39 days after full bloom in Garofa, 40 days after Gartairo and 36 days after Gardeta and repeated by one-week intervals in 3 times. In the study; fruit weight (g), fruit width (mm), fruit height (mm), fruit firmness (kg-force), seed weight (g), flesh/seed ratio, total soluble solids (TSS; %), pH and acidity (%) values, and also yield per tree were estimated. In addition, fruit skin and flesh color values were measured with Minolta color meter (L, a*, b*, C and h°). According to results of the study, while the highest yield per tree was obtained the application of AminoQuelant-Calcium+AminoQuelant-Potassium (30.40 kg/tree), the lowest yield was obtained from the control (17.20 kg). The largest fruits were detected in AminoQuelant-Calcium application (139.54 g), whereas the smallest fruits were detected in control (112.28 g). Applications of AminoQuelant-Potassium (4.00 kg-force) and AminoQuelant-Calcium+ AminoQuelant-Potassium (3.85 kg-force) had the highest fruit firmness. TSS content ranged from 13.76% (AminoQuelant-Calcium) to 12.3% (control). The darkest fruit skin and flesh values (low chroma and h°) were obtained from the application of AminoQuelant-Calcium. As a result, the connective application of foliar AminoQuelant-Calcium and AminoQuelant-Potassium in nectarine cultivars showed positive effect on both fruit yield and fruit quality characteristics.

Keywords

• Prunus
• nectarine
• foliar fertilization
• yield
• fruit size

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