Bazı Nektarin ve Erik Çeşitlerinin Embriyo Kültürleri Üzerine Besin Ortamı ve Genotipin Etkisi

Abstract

Çalışmada Armking, Bigtop, Caldesi nektarin (Prunus persica var. nectarine Maxim.) ve Methley japon eriği (Prunus salicina) çeşitlerinde embriyo kültürü çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. In vitro şartlarda izole edilen embriyolar BAP (0.5-1–1.5 mg/l) ve GA₃ (0.1 mg/l)’ün farklı konsantrasyon ve kombinasyonlarını içeren MS besin ortamlarında kültüre alınmıştır. Çimlenme oranları, sürgün uzunluğu, kök uzunluğu, kardeşlenme oranları ve rozet bitki oluşumu çeşitler bazında belirlenerek ortamların ve genotipin etkileri incelenmiştir. En yüksek çimlenme oranları; Armking çeşidinde kontrol ve 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA₃ ortamında %100, Caldesi ve Methley çeşidinde 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA₃ ortamında sırasıyla %100, %86, Bigtop çeşidinde ise besin ortamlarının tamamında %100 oranında çimlenme sağlanmıştır. Armking ve Caldesi çeşitlerinde görülen yoğun bakteriyel kontaminasyondan dolayı bu çeşitlerde sadece çimlenme oranları belirlenmiştir. Bigtop ve Methley çeşitleri sürgün uzunluğu bakımından incelendiğinde, hem sürgün ve kök uzunluğu hem de kardeşlenme oranı bakımından, sırasıyla 1.47 cm, 2.15 cm ve 2.95 adet ile Methley çeşidinden en yüksek sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bigtop çeşidinde 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA₃, Methley çeşidinde ise 1 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA₃ ve 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA₃ içeren ortamlarda rozet bitki oluşumu gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

• In vitro
• embriyo kültürü
• Prunus persica var. nectarine
• Prunus salicina

Effects of Different MS Medium on Embriyo Cultures of Some Plum and Nectarin Varieties

Abstract

In this research embryo culture studies were performed in Armking, Bigtop, Caldesi nectarine varieties (Prunus persica var. nectarine Maxim.) and Methley japanese plum (Prunus salicina) variety. Embryos were isolated in-vitro conditions and were cultured in MS medium which containing different concentrations and combinations of BAP (0.5 to 1-1.5 mg/l) and GA₃ (0.1 mg/l). Two weeks after germination, germination rates, shoot and root length, tillering and rosette plant rates were determined on the basis of different medium and genotypes. The highest germination rates were identified in Armking variety with control and 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA₃ medium 100%, Caldesi and Methley varieties with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA₃ medium respectively 100%, 86% and in Bigtop variety 100% germination were seen at all of the hormone concentrations. Intensive bacterial contamination was seen in Armking and Caldesi varieties for that reason only germination rates were determined in these varieties. When analyzed Methley and Bigtop varieties in terms of shoot and root length as tillering rate, the highest result was obtained in Methley variety respectively 1,47 cm, 2,15 cm and 2,95. Rosette plant formation was observed in Bigtop variety with 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA₃ medium and in Methley variety with 1 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA₃ and 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA₃ medium.

Keywords

• In vitro
• embryo culture
• Prunus persica var. nectarine
• Prunus salicina

References

1. Anderson, N., Byrne, D. H., Sinclair, J., Burrell, A. M., 2002. Cooler temperature during germination improves the survival of embryo cultured peach seed. HortScience 37(2):402403.
2. Arbeloa, A., Daorden, M. E., García, E., Andreu, P., Marín, J.A., 2009. In vitro culture of Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) embryos. HortScience 44(6):1672-1674.
3. Arbeloa, A., Daorden, M. E., García, E., Marín, J. A., 2003. Successful establishment of in vitro cultures of Prunus cerasifera hybrids by embryo culture of immature fruits. Acta Horticulturae 616:375-378.
4. Burgos, L., Ledbetter, C.A., 1993. Improved efficiency in apricot breeding: Effects of embryo development and nutrient media on in vitro germination and seedling establishment. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 35(3):217-222.
5. Daorden, M. E., Marín, J. A., Arbeloa, A., 2004. Stratification temperature affects the in vitro germination of immature prunus embryos Acta Horticulturae 658:135-140.
6. Emershad, R.L., Ramming, D.W., 1994. Effects of media on embryo enlargement, germination and plant development in early-ripening genotypes of Prunus grown.
7. Eroğlu, Ö. Z., Fidancı, A., Mısırlı, A., 2012. Erkenci şeftali embriyolarının farklı kültür ortamlarında gelişimi. Journal of Agricultural Sci. 18:93-99.
8. Jeengool, N., Boonprakob, U. 2004. Rescue of peach embryo in culture media with additional of 6- benzyl adenine and gibberellic acid. Kasetsart Journal (Natural Science) 38:468-474.

9. Küden, A.B., Tanrıver, E., Gülen, H., Büyükalaca, S., 1999. Embryo rescue of peach hybrids. Acta Horiculturae 484:531-533.
10. Liu, W., Chen, X., Liu, G., Liang, Q., He, T., Feng, J., 2007. Interspecific hybridization of Prunus persica with P.armeniaca and P.salicina using embryo rescue. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 88:289-299.
11. Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum 15:473-497.
12. Payghamzadeha, K., Kazemitabarb, S.K., 2010. The effects of BAP, IBA and genotypes on in vitro germination of immature walnut embryos. International Journal of Plant Production 4(4):309-322.
13. Ramming, D., Emershad, R.L., Foster, C., 2003. In vitro factors during ovule culture affect development and conversion of immature peach and nectarine embryos. HortScience 38:424-428.
14. Ramming, D.W., 1990. The use of embryo culture in fruit breeding. HortScience 25:393–398.
15. Rizzo, M., Bassi, D., Byrne, D., Porte, K., 1998. Growth of immature peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] embryos on different media. Acta Horticulturae 465:141-144.
16. Sulusoglu, M., 2012. Development of embryo culture protocol for cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.). Journal of Food, Agric. and Environment 10(3-4):347-352.
17. Şan, B., Yıldırım, A. N., Yıldırım, F., 2014. An in vitro germination technique for some stone fruit species: The embryo isolated from cotyledons successfully germinated without cold pre-treatment of seeds. HortScience 49(3):294-296.
18. Topp, B.L., Sherman, W.B., Raseira, C.B., 2008. Low-chill cultivar development. The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses, CAB International, 106-138.
19. Viloria, Z., Grosser, J.W., Bracho, B., 2005. Immature embryo rescue, culture and seedling development of acid citrus fruit derived from interploidy hybridization. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 82(2):159-167.