Beyaz Sinekle Taşınan Crinivirüslerin Ekolojileri ve Epidemiyolojileri

Abstract

Bitki patojeni virüsler mekaniksel, vejetatif çoğalma materyali, tohum, polen, aşı ve vektörlerle (böcek, nematod, fungus) taşınmaktadırlar. Vektörle taşınan yaklaşık 550 adet bitki patojeni virüsün %9’u beyaz sinekler tarafından nakledilir. Bu virüsler Geminiviridae, Closteroviridae, Potyviridae familyalarında yer alan genuslar içerisinde sınıflandırılmışlardır. Bu familyalardan Closteroviridae içerisinde yer alan Crinivirus’ların tamamı ile Closterovirus’ların bir kısmı beyaz sineklerle taşınır ve konukçusu olduğu bitkilerde ekonomik kayıplara yol açarlar. Beyaz sineklerle (Bemisia tabaci ve Trialeurodes spp.) taşınan Crinivirus genusunda yer alan üyelerden bazıları Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) ve Beet pseudo-yellows virus (BPYV)’dur. Crinivivirus’ların sebep olduğu belirtiler pestisit fitotoksisitesi, fizyolojik ve beslenme bozukluklarından dolayı oluşan belirtilere benzer. Bitkilerde sararma, erken yaşlanma, yapraklarda kırılma ve verim kaybına neden olurlar. Crinivirus’lar son yıllarda Küba, Türkiye, Kıbrıs, Portekiz, İspanya, İtalya, İsrail, Ürdün, Fransa, Fas, Yunanistan, Porto Riko ve Tayvan’da tespit edilmiştir. Bu derlemede, Crinivirus genusu içerisinde yer alan ve beyaz sinekle taşınan önemli virüslerin ekoloji ve epidemiyolojileri özetlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Beyazsinek
• Crinivirus
• ekoloji
• epidemiyoloji

Ecology and Epidemiologies of Crinivirus Transmitted by Whitefly

Abstract

Plant pathogen viruses are transmitted by mechanical, vegetative propagation material, seeds, pollen, grafting and vectors (insects, nematodes, fungi, ete.). Approximately, 550 of plant pathogen viruses are vector-bome and 9% of them transmitted by the whitefly. These viruses are classified into different genuses in the family Geminiviridae, Potyviridae, Closteroviridae. Criniviruses are within the family Closteroviridae and part of the Closterovirues transmitted by whitefly and causes economic losses in the host plant. Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) and Beet pseudo-yellows virus (BPYV) which is transmitted by some of the members of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes spp.) are stated into Crinivirus genus. Criniviviruses typically cause symptoms that are easily attributed to other physiological or nutritional disorders or even pesticide phytotoxicity. These viruses lead to yellowing on the leaf, premature aging, leaf rolling and yield loss in plants Criniviruses have been reported in Cuba, Turkey, Cyprus, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Israel, Jordan, France, Morocco, Greece, Puerto Rico and Taiwan in recent years. In this review, it’s mentioned about ecology and epidemiology of imported viruses within criniviruses and transmitted by whitefly.

Keywords

• Whitefly
• Crinivirus
• ecology
• epidemiology

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