Kıvırcık Salata (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) Bitkisinin Bazı Özellikleri Üzerine Ağır Metal Uygulamalarının Etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, ağır metal içeriği yüksek sulama suyu ile sulanmış kıvırcık salata bitkisinin bazı morfolojik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal özelliklerinde meydana gelen değişimi ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Kontrollü sera koşullarında yürütülen çalışmada tohum ekiminden itibaren 30 günlük bitkiler çeşitli dozlarda ağır metallerin karışımını içeren 4 farklı sulama suyu (Kontrol:0 ppm; I. Karışım:0.2 ppm Cu + 0.01 ppm Cd + 5 ppm Pb + 2 ppm Zn; II. Karışım:0.4 ppm Cu + 0.02 ppm Cd + 10 ppm Pb + 4 ppm Zn, 3. Karışım:0.8 ppm Cu + 0.04 ppm Cd + 20 ppm Pb + 8 ppm Zn) ile sulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bitkiler 4 hafta boyunca tarla kapasitesi düzeyinde sulandıktan sonra bu sürenin sonunda hasat edilerek örnekler alınmıştır. İncelenen parametreler; yeşil aksam ve kök yaş ağırlığı, yeşil aksam ve kök kuru ağırlığı, gövde ve kök boyu, yaprak alanı, MDA miktarı, süperoksit dismutaz ve glutatyon redüktaz enzim aktiviteleri olarak belirlenmiştir. I ve II. Karışım ağır metal uygulamaları kıvırcık salata bitkisinin yeşil aksam ve kök yaş-kuru ağırlığı, gövde ve kök boyu, yaprak alanı değerlerinde farklılık oluşturmazken, 3. Karışım değerlerde düşüşlere neden olmuştur. MDA miktarı ile SOD ve GR enzim aktiviteleri, ağır metal uygulamaları ile birlikte bitkilerde artış göstermiştir. Antioksidatif enzim sisteminin ağır metal stresine karşı koruma konusunda etkin olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Kıvırcık salata (Lactuca sativa var. crispa)
• Cu
• Cd
• Pb
• Zn

The Effects of Heavy Metal Applications on Some Characteristics of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) Plants

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to demonstrate the effect of heavy metal applications on some morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of lettuce. In studies conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions, lettuce plants subjected to four different levels heavy metal irrigation at 30 days after sowing (Control:0 ppm; I. mixture:0.2 ppm Cu + 0.01 ppm Cd + 5 ppm Pb + 2 ppm Zn; II. mixture:0.4 ppm Cu + 0.02 ppm Cd + 10 ppm Pb + 4 ppm Zn; 3. mixture:0.8 ppm Cu + 0.04 ppm Cd + 20 ppm Pb + 8 ppm Zn). Four weeks after at heavy metal treatment, young plants were harvested and the shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, shoot and root length, and leaf areas, MDA amount, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were determined. The lettuce plants were adversely affected by heavy metal applications. In parallel to increase the dose, heavy metal mixtures led to a reduction in values of fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, stem and root length, leaf area. MDA amounts and antioxidative enzyme activities increased in plants irrigated with water containing a mixture of heavy metal. As the results of study, heavy metal stress caused decreasing plant growth, and development however increasing membrane damage, and SOD and GR activities with increasing heavy metal doses. On the other hands, these results indicate that lettuce plants respond to heavy metal induced oxidative stress by enzymatic defense systems.

Keywords

• Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa)
• Cu
• Cd
• Pb
• Zn

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