Domateste "Marker Destekli Islah (MAS)"

Abstract

Bitki biyoteknolojisi günümüz tarımsal faaliyetlerinde, özellikle bitki ıslahı alanında oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Özellikle Dünya tarımı için önemli bir materyal olan domateste gerek verim gerekse kalite açısından yoğun bir şekilde ıslah programı uygulanmaktadır. Domateste verim ve kalite kayıplarına neden olan etkenlerin başında viral, bakteriyel, ve fungal kökenli hastalıklar ve nematod gibi zararlılar gelmektedir. Bu kayıpların üstesinden gelebilmek için domates ıslahında genetik dayanıklı hibritlerin (F₁) geliştirilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Klasik ıslah sürecini hızlandırmak ve iş gücünü azaltmak adına moleküler markırların kullanılması yenilikçi bir yaklaşım olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, domateste sık görülen bakteriyel (Bakteriyel Benek), viral (Domates Lekeli Solgunluk Virüsü (TSWV), Domates Sarı Yaprak Kıvırcıklığı Virüsü (TYLCV), Domates Mozaik Virüsü (ToMV)), fungal (Fusarium Solgunluğu, Vertisilyum Solgunluğu, Gri Yaprak Lekesi, Geç Yanıklık) ve nematod (Kök-ur Nematodu) kaynaklı hastalıklara karşı dayanıklılık genlerine bağlı moleküler markırların ıslah programına entegre ederek “markır destekli seleksiyon (MAS)” gerçekleştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda farklı meyve türüne sahip (tekli (%42), salkım (%20), kokteyl (%18), cherry (%7), köy tipi (%8), beef (%3), plum (%2)) toplamda 2316 domates genotipi bu hastalıklara karşı dayanım durumlarının tespiti amacıyla klasik PCR ve floresan işaretli sekans-spesifik prob temelli RT-PCR (gerçek zamanlı PCR) yöntemleri ile test edilmiştir. Bu sayede domates yetiştiriciliğinde genetik dayanımın kullanılması ile daha hızlı, güvenilir ve çevre dostu bir üretim modeli anlayışına katkıda bulunulmuştur. Bu çalışma sayesinde daha hızlı, daha güvenilir ve hastalık dayanımına sahip potansiyel hibrit adaylarının geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

• Moleküler marker
• bitki ıslahı
• seleksiyon
• PCR

"Marker Assisted Selection (Mas)" In Tomato Breeding

Abstract

Plant biotechnology has gained importance in today’s agricultural activities, especially in the field of plant breeding. In tomato breeding, an intensive breeding program is applied in terms of both yield and quality. Viral, bacterial, fungal pathogens, and nematodes are the leading causes of yield and quality losses in tomato cultivation. In order to overcome these losses, it is crucial to develop hybrids (F₁) that are genetically resistant to this group of diseases. The use of molecular markers stands out as an innovative approach in order to accelerate the classical breeding process and to make multi-disease resistant line development possible. In this study, “marker assisted selection (MAS)” was used to integrate molecular markers related to resistance genes against bacterial (Tomato Bacterial Speck), viral (Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV), Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV)), fungal (Fusarium Wilt, Fusarium Crown and Root Rot, Verticillium Wilt, Gray Leaf Spot, Late Blight) and nematode (Root Knot Nematode) diseases in tomato a commercial breeding program. In this context, a total of 2316 tomato genotypes (loose (42%), trust (20%), cocktail (18%), cherry (7%), marmande (8%), beef (3%), plum (2%)) were tested with classical PCR and fluorescently labeled sequence-specific probe-based RT-PCR (real-time PCR) methods to determine their resistance against these diseases. In this way, the use of genetic resistance in tomato cultivation has contributed to the understanding of a faster, reliable and environmentally friendly production model. This study contributed to the development of potential hybrid candidates with faster, more reliable and disease resistance.

Keywords

• Molecular marker
• plant breeding
• selection
• PCR

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