Farklı Fizyolojik Yaşlarda Hasat Edilen Domates Tohumlarının Canlılığı Üzerine Bazı Kurutma Yöntemleri ve Hasat Sonrası Olgunlaştırmanın Etkisi

Öz

Kurutucu, tohum yüzeyinde kurumaya neden olan higroskopik bir maddedir. En yaygın kurutucu silikadır ve diğer yaygın kurutucular arasında, kalsiyum sülfat, kalsiyum klorür ve zeolit bulunur. Bu yöntemlerin yanı sıra bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı kurutma yöntemlerinin K1 (35℃ inkübatörde 3 gün CaCl₂ doygun çözeltisi + iki gün kuru hava) ve K2 (35℃’lik inkübatörlerde; ilk gün KNO₃ (%90.79±0.83 RH), ikinci gün NaCl (%74.87±0.12 RH), üçüncü gün CaCl₂ (≌%45 RH) + iki gün kuru hava ve hasat sonrası olgunlaştırma (HSO) (35℃-90 gün) periyodunun, çiçeklenmeden sonraki günlere göre belirlenen (40, 50, 60 ve 80. günler) olgunlaşma evresinde domates tohum canlılığını nasıl etkilediğini belirlemektir. Çalışmamızda belirlenen tohum partilerine; K1, K2, HSO, K1+HSO, K2+HSO işlemleri uygulanmıştır. Uygulamalar sonunda kağıt arası çimlenme (25℃ 14 gün), fide çıkış testi (25℃ 21 gün), kontrollü bozulma testleri (45℃ %20 48-72 sa), fide yaş (FY) ve kuru ağırlığı (FK) (80℃, 1 gün), enzim aktivitesi parametreleri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, domates tohumlarının hasat günlerinin ve kurutma işlemlerinin normal çimlenme, ortalama çimlenme-çıkış zamanı, FY-FK parametreleri bazında ele alındığında %1 düzeyinde önemli olduğunu göstermiştir (p<0.01). 60. gün hasadına ait domates tohumlarında K2+HSO ve K2 uygulamaları ile en yüksek CAT, APX ve SOD seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak hasat dönemlerine göre kurutma ve kurutma + olgunlaştırma işlemleri avantajlı bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Domates
• kurutma
• hasat sonrası olgunlaştırma
• enzim aktivitesi
• tohum canlılığı

The Effect of Some Drying Methods and Post-Harvest Maturation on The Viability of Tomato Seeds Harvested at Different Physiological Ages

Abstract

Desiccant is a hygroscopic substance that causes drying on the seed surface. The most common desiccant is silica, and other common desiccants include calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, and zeolite. In addition to these methods, the aim of this study is to determine that different drying methods are K1 (3 days CaCl₂ saturated solution in 35℃ incubator + two days dry air) and K2 (in 35℃ incubators; KNO₃ (90.79±0.83 RH) on the first day, day NaCl (74.87±0.12 RH), third day CaCl₂ (≌45% RH) + two days of dry air and post-harvest ripening (HSO) (35℃-90 days) period determined according to the days after flowering (40, 50, 60 and 80. days) affect the tomato seed viability during the ripening phase. K1, K2, HSO, K1+HSO, K2+HSO processes were applied to the seed lots determined in our study. At the end of the applications, inter-paper germination (25℃ 14 days), Seedling emergence test (25℃, 21 days), controlled deterioration tests (45℃ 20%, 48-72 h), seedling fresh (FY) and dry weight (PK) (80℃, 1 day), enzyme activity parameters were investigated. When the results are considered based on normal germination, mean germination-emergence time, FY-FK parameters of tomato seeds harvest days and drying processes. It showed that it was significant at the 1% level (p<0.01). The highest CAT, APX and SOD levels were determined with K2+HSO and K₂ applications in tomato seeds belonging to the 60th day harvest. In general, drying and drying + ripening processes were found advantageous according to the harvest periods.

Keywords

• Tomato
• drying
• postharvest ripening
• enzyme activity
• seed viability

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