Nektarin Çeşitlerinde Kuraklığın Bazı Fizyolojik ve Morfolojik Değişimler Üzerine Etkileri

Year 1997, Volume: 26 Issue: 1-2, 13 - 20, 31.12.1997

Nilüfer Kaynaş Atilla Eriş

Abstract

Bu çalışma 1991 yılında, Nemaguard anacı üzerinde aşılı Independence, Nectared-4 ve Nectared-8 nektarin çeşitlerinde farklı kurak koşullarda meydana gelen bazı fizyolojik ve morfolojik değişimlerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma ısıtmasız cam serada aşılandıktan sonra bir yaşını tamamlamış bitkilerde yapılmıştır. Saksılar içine alındıktan sonra eşit düzeyde sulanan bitkilere, hava sıcaklığının en fazla olduğu dönemden itibaren kuraklık testi uygulanmıştır. Bu dönem de bitkilere faydalı suyun %100, %75, %50 ve %25’i düzeyinde su verilmeye başlanmış ve deneme sonuna kadar aynı seviyelerde devam ettirilmiştir. Kuraklık denemesi süresince belli aralıklarda yapılan ölçümlerde bitkilerin oransal su kapsamı, sürgün uzunluğu, gövde çap büyümesi ile yapraktaki renk değişim dereceleri incelenmiştir. Tüm nektarin çeşitlerinde bitkilere verilen su miktarı ile yaprak oransal su kapsamı arasında doğrudan bir ilişki bulunmuştur. En fazla kayıp Nectared-8 çeşidinde, en az kayıp ise Nectared-4 çeşidinde olmuştur. Sürgün ve fidan gövde çap büyümesi tüm nektarin çeşitlerinde verilen su miktarı kısıtlandıkça azalmış, en fazla sürgün ve çap büyümesi Independence çeşidinde olmuştur. Sürgün büyüme ve gelişme sürecinde yaşlanma nedeniyle oluşan yaprak rengindeki açılmalar, verilen suyun kısıtlanması ile daha da hızlanmıştır. Bu bitkilerde ki açılma faydalı su düzeyinde sulanan bitkilere göre daha kısa sürede gerçekleşmiştir.

Keywords

Nektarin , Kuraklık , Fizyolojik , Morfolojik

The Effects of Drought on Some Physiological and Morphological Changes in Nectarine Cultivars

Abstract

In this study the different watering regimes on some physiological and morphological changes of Independence. Nectared-4 and Nectared-8 nectarine cultivars grafted on Nemaguard, were carried out in 1991. The experiment was conducted in the potted-on year old plants kept in the greenhouse. The plants were watered at available water capacity. When the outside temperature was highest the watering levels were changed by giving 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of available soil water and continued in the same levels until the end of the experiment. The leaf relative content, the growth of shoots and trunk diameters and fading of leaves were determined by periodical observations and measurement during drought test. In all nectarine cultivars, a linear correlation was obtained between the water given to the plants and leaf water content. The highest leaf relative water content was obtained in Nectared-4 and lowest in Nectared-8. In the case of limited watering, the growth of shoots and trunk diameters were inhibited in all nectared cultivars. The best growth and trunk diameter was determined in Independence cultivar. During growth and development fading of leaves due to senescence was father exchanged by limited watering regime. Fading of leaves in these plants started earlier than plants watered in the available water capacity levels. In Independence fading of leaves were much faster.

Keywords

Nectarine , Drought , Physiological , Morphological

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