Domateste Kuraklık Stresinin Bazı Fizyolojik Parametrelere Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 51 Issue: (Özel Sayı 1) 13. Sebze Tarımı Sempozyumu, 180 - 196, 19.12.2022

Sultan Dere , Hayriye Yıldız Daşgan

Abstract

Kuraklık stresi en önemli abiyotik stres faktörlerinden biridir. Domateste kuraklık stresinin neden olduğu verim ve kalite kayıplarını azaltmak için yapılan çalışmalar önem arz etmektedir. Çalışma 10 domates genotipi ve şahit olarak 2 domates çeşidi kullanılarak 2017-2018 yılı ilkbahar-yaz sezonunda açık alanda kuraklık stresinin etkisi belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Uygulama olarak %100 tam sulama (kontrol) ve %50 su kısıtlaması yer almaktadır. Domates genotip ve şahit çeşitlerin tam sulama ve su kısıtı şartlarında membran zararlanma indeksi, stoma iletkenliği, yaprak su potansiyeli, yaprak oransal su içeriği, ozmotik potansiyel, SPAD, yaprak sıcaklığı, yaprak alanı, yaş ve kuru ağırlık parametreleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda membran zararlanma indeksi en düşük 2.89 ile Tom-139 genotipinde görülmüştür. Stoma iletkenliği yüzde değişimi en düşük -1.78 ile Tom-225 genotipinde, en yüksek ise -87.16 ile Tom-29’da görülmüştür. Yaprak su potansiyeli yüzde değişimi en yüksek 234.12 ile Tom-21’de belirlenmiştir. Ozmotik potansiyel en yüksek kuraklık stresinde Falcon çeşidinde, en yüksek yüzde değişim ise Rio Grande çeşidinde görülmüştür. Yeşil aksam kuru ağırlık yüzde değişimi en yüksek Tom-139 genotipinde 53.79 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaprak sıcaklığı yüzde azalışı en yüksek -15.89 ile Tom-230 genotipinde bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak yapılan analiz ve ölçümler sonucunda domates genotipleri ve şahit çeşitler arasında farklılıkların olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Kuraklık , fizyoloji , abiyotik stres , domates

The Effect of Drought Stress on Some Physiological Parameters in Tomato

Abstract

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stress factors. Studies to reduce yield and quality losses caused by drought stress in tomatoes are important. The study was carried out to determine the effect of drought stress in the open field in the spring-summer season of 2017-2018, using 10 tomato genotypes and 2 tomato varieties as witnesses. The application includes 100% full irrigation (control) and 50% water restriction. Membrane damage index, stomatal conductivity, leaf water potential, leaf proportional water content, ozmotic potential, SPAD, leaf temperature, leaf area, fresh and dry weight parameters of tomato genotype and witness varieties were investigated under full irrigation and water restriction conditions. As a result of the study, the lowest membrane damage index was observed in Tom-139 genotype with 2.89. The lowest percentage change in stomatal conductivity was observed in Tom-225 genotype with -1.78, and the highest in Tom-29 with -87.16. The highest percentage change in leaf water potential was determined in Tom-21 with 234.12. The highest osmotic potential was observed in Falcon variety under drought stress, and the highest percentage change was observed in Rio Grande variety. The highest percentage change in dry weight was determined as 53.79 in Tom-139 genotype. The highest percentage decrease in leaf temperature was found in Tom-230 genotype with -15.89. As a result of the analysis and measurements, it was determined that there were differences between tomato genotypes and witness varieties.

Keywords

Drought , physiology , abiotic stress , tomato

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