Twisting Sliding Mode Control based Maximum Power Point Tracking

Abstract

For a world where energy demand is increasing day by day, available resources are constantly decreasing. At this point, it is very important to be able to benefit from the sun, which is the main energy source, with minimum damage to the environment. It is possible to produce electricity directly from sunlight through PV panels. Due to the limited efficiency of these panels, MPPT algorithms are always required. In this study, Sliding Mode Control (SMC) based Twisting Sliding Mode Control (T-SMC) MPPT, known for its robust structure, was performed and the results were compared with the classical SMC. The proposed MPPT algorithm is simulated with MATLAB/Simulink. The efficiency of T-SMC based MPPT is obtained as nearly 99%.

Keywords

• Boost Converter
• Maximum Power Point Tracking
• Photovoltaic Panel
• Twisting Sliding Mode Control.

References

1. [1] R. Ramakumar, “Photovoltaic applications”, IEEE Power Engineering Review, pp. 17-21, April 2004.
2. [2] A. Lloret, J. Andreu, J. Merten, J. Puigdollers, O. Aceves, L. Sabata, M. Chantant, and U. Eicker, “Large grid-connected hybrid pv system integrated in a public building”, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. , vol. 6, pp. 453-464, 1998.
3. [3] R. Zakharchenko, L. licea-Jimenez, S.A. Perez-Garcia, P. Vorobiev, U. Dehesa-carrasco, J.F. Perez-Robles, J. Gonzalez-Hernanadez, and Yu. Vorobiev, “Photovoltaic solar panel for a hybrid pv/thermal system”, ELSEVIER Solar Energy material & Solar Cells, vol. 82, pp. 253-261, 2004.
4. [4] B. Bekker, and H.J. Beukes, “Finding an optimal pv panel maximum power point tracking method”, presented at 2004 IEEE Africon. 7th Africon Conf. in Africa, Africa, Sept. 15-17, 2004.
5. [5] D. Yu, S. Yuvarajan, “Load Sharing in a hybrid power system with a pv panel and a pem fuel-cell”, presented at Ann. IEEE Conf. on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Dallas, TX, USA March 1-23, 2006, doi: 10.1109/APEC.2006.1620698.
6. [6] D. Sera, R. Teodorescu, and P. Rodriguez, “PV panel model based on datasheet values”, presented at 2007 IEEE Int. Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Vigo, Spain, June 4-7, 2007, doi:10.1109/ISIE.2007.4374981.
7. [7] H. Kim, J. Kim, B. Min, D. Yoo, and H. Kim, “A highly efficient pv system using a series connection of dc-dc converter output with a photovoltaic panel”, Renewable Energy, vol. 34, pp. 2432-2436, 2009.
8. [8] N. Onat, and S. Ersöz “Fotovoltaik sistemlerde maksimum güç noktası izleyici algoritmalarının karşılaştırılması”, presented at V. Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Sempozyumu 2009, Diyarbakır, Türkiye, 2009.

9. [9] C. Liu, K.T. Chau, C. Diao, J. Zhong, X. Zhang, S. Gao , and D. Wu, “A new DC micro-grid system using renewable energy and electric vehicles for smart energy delivery,” presented at the 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Lille, France, September 1-3, 2010.
10. [10] A.C. Brent, and D.E. Rogers, “Renewable rural electrification: Sustainability assessment of mini-hybrid off-grid technological systems in the African context,” Renewable Energy, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 257-265, January 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.03.028.
11. [11] D. Yamegueu, Y. Azoumah, X. Py, and N. Zongo, “Experimental study of electricity generation by solar PV/diesel hybrid systems without battery storage for off-grid areas,” Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1780-1787, June 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2010.11.011.
12. [12] W. Saranrom, and S. Polmai, “The efficiency improvement of series connected PV panels operating under partial shading condition by using per-panel DC/DC converter,” presented at the 8th Electrical Engineering/ Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI) Association of Thailand – Conference 2011, Khon Kaen, Thailand, May 17-19, 2011.
13. [13] N.C. Sahoo, I. Elamvazuthi, N.M. Nor, P. Sebastian, and B.P. Lim, “PV panel modelling using simscape,” presented at the 2011 International conference on Energy, Automation and Signal, Bhubaneswar, India, December 28-30, 2011.
14. [14] O. Palizban, M.A. Rezaei, and S. Mekhilef, “Active and reactive power control for a hybrid system with photovoltaic panel, wind turbine, fuel cells, electrolyzer and super capacitor in off-grid mode,” presented at 2011 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering, Penang, Malaysia, November 25-27, 2011.
15. [15] Q. Mo, M. Chen, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and Z. Qian, “Digitally controlled active clamp interleaved flyback converters for improving efficiency in photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inverter,” presented at the 2012 Twenty-Seventh Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Orlando, FL, USA, February 5-9, 2012.
16. [16] A. Mehdipour, and H. Majdinasab, “Voltage –fed trans z source inverter in PV solar panel,” presented at 2012 5th International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication (CODEC), Kolkata, India, December 17-19, 2012.
17. [17] A. Korodi, “Building a knowledge base to obtain the maximum power point for a PV panel,” presented at 2012 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) Part of 2012 IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems and Control, Dubrovnik, Croatia, October 3-5, 2012.
18. [18] M. Kasper, D. Bortis, T. Friedli, and J. W. Kolar, “Classification and comparative evaluation of PV panel integrated DC/DC converter concepts,” presented at 15th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE-PEMC), Novi Sad, Serbia, September 4-6, 2012.
19. [19] H. Ghoddami, M.B. Delghavi, and A. Yazdani “An integrated wind-photovoltaic-battery system with reduced power-electronic interface and fast control for grid-tied and off-grid applications,” Renewable Energy, vol. 45, pp. 128-137, September 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.02.016.
20. [20] N. Altanneh, “Güneş pili ve hidrojen yakıt pilinden beslenen küçük bir elektrikli araç için batarya şarj sistemi tasarımı ve gerçekleştirilmesi,” M.S. thesis, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gazi University Ankara, Türkiye, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
21. [21] R. Kale, S. Thale, and V. Agarwal, “Design and implementation of a solar PV panel integrated inverter with multi-mode operation capability,” presented at the 2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Tampa, FL, USA, June 16-21, 2013.
22. [22] M. Edouard, and D. Njomo, “Mathematical modelling and digital simulation of PV solar panel using MATLAB software,” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 24, September, 2013.
23. [23] S.A. Rahman, R.K. Varma, and T. Vanderheide, “Generalised model of a photovoltaic panel,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 217-229, April, 2014, doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2013.0094.
24. [24] M.B. Ammar, M. Chaabene, and Z. Chtourou, “Artificial neural network based control for PV/T panel to track optimum thermal and electrical power,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 65, pp. 372-380, January, 2013.
25. [25] C.-L. Shen, Y.-C. Lee, J.-C. Su, and C.-T. Tsai, “A high step-up DC/DC converter for PV panel application,” presented at the 2014 International Conference on Information Science, Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Sapporo, Japan, April 26-28, 2014.
26. [26] A.A.A. Hafez, “Multi-level cascaded DC/DC converters for PV applications,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 1135-1146, December 2015.
27. [27] A. Belkaid, I. Colak, and K. Kayisli, “Implementation of a modified P&O-MPPT algorithm adapted for varying solar radiation condition, ” Elektrical Engineering, vol. 99, pp. 839-846, October 2016.
28. [28] A. Belkaid, I. Colak, K. Kayisli, “Optimum control strategy based on an equivalent sliding mode for solar systems with battery storage,” presented at the 2016 IEEE International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (PEMC), Varna, Bulgaria, September 25-28, 2016.
29. [29] Y.A. Alhammad, W.F. Al-Azzawi, and T.A. Tutunji, “Current control to improve COP of thermoelectric generatot and cooler for PV panel cooling,” presented at the 2016 13th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signal & Devices (SSD), Leipzig, Germany, March 21-24, 2016.
30. [30] A. Belkaid, I. Colak, K. Kayisli, R. Bayındır, and H.I. Bulbul, “Maximum power extraction from a photovoltaic panel and a thermoelectric generator constituting a hybrid electrical generation system,” presented at the 2018 International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid), Nagasaki, Japan, December 4-6, 2018.
31. [31] S.R. Pendem, and S. Mikkili, “Modeling, simulation and performance analysis of PV array configurations (series, series- parallel and honey- comb) to extract maximum power under partial shading conditions, ” Energy Reports, vol. 4, pp. 274-287, November 2018.
32. [32] A. Belkaid, I. Colak, K. Kayisli, M. Sara, and R. Bayindir, “Modeling and simulation of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells,” presented at the 2019 7th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid), Newcastle, NSW, Australia, December 9-11, 2019.
33. [33] M.J. Mnati, V.G.M. Araujo, J.K. Abed, and A.V. Boosche, “Review different types of MPPT techniques for photovoltaic systems,” presented at the International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environment Sensing (SEES 2018), Cambridge, United Kingdom, June, 2018.
34. [34] A. Belkaid, I. Colak, K. Kayisli, and R. Bayındır, “Improving PV system performance using high efficiency fuzzy logic control,” presented at the 2020 8th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid), Paris, France, June 17-19, 2020.
35. [35] S. Beyarslan, “Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları ile mikro şebeke tasarımı ve optimum çözümünün HOMER ile incelenmesi,” M.S. Thesis, Electrical Engineering, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
36. [36] R. Boylestad, and L. Nashelsky, “Semiconductor diodes,” in Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 7th edition Upper Saddle River NJ, Columbus, Ohio, USA: Prentice Hall, 1998, ch. 1, pp. 1-50.
37. [37] N. Mohan, T.M. Undeland, and W.P. Robbins, “dc-dc switching- mode converters” in Power Electronics Converters, applications, and design, 2nd ed., USA, John Wiley & Sons, INC. 1995, ch. 7, pp. 161-199.
38. [38] J.D. Irwin, R. M. Nelms, and A. Patnaik, “Capacitance and Inductance,” in Engineering Circuit Analysis, 11th ed. Asia: John Wiley & Sons, 2015, ch. 6, sec 6.1 , pp. 232-238.