Identification of the Operating Modes in Single-Phase DC Drives

Abstract

In this study, operating modes of controlled single-phase rectifier-driven direct current (DC) drives were investigated. It was observed that the motor performance exhibited different behaviour depending on the combined interaction of the rectifier firing angle, motor parameters, motor load (or speed), supply voltage and frequency. It can be said that the voltage across the motor and the current through the motor take different waveforms in each of these different states, which are named drive operating modes in this study. Furthermore, analysis and simulations were conducted for two different types of drives: a) Single-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier drive (FCBRD) and b) Single-phase half-controlled bridge rectifier drive (HCBRD), including a freewheeling diode. As a result, the motor current waveform exhibits seven distinct operating modes, each performing different characteristics when driven by two types of rectifier circuits. On the other hand, the mathematical models of these seven modes were also presented in this study. The actual time variations of voltage across and current through the motor armature and the total harmonic distortion (THD) were presented through simulations for each mode using the obtained mathematical models in MATLAB.

Keywords

• DC drives
• operating modes
• performance analysis
• phase-controlled rectifiers
• total harmonic distortion.

References

1. [1] S. I. Malafeev, A. A. Malafeeva, and V. I. Konyashin, “Correction of rolling mill mechatronic system to limit dynamic loads,” Russian Engineering Research, vol. 38, pp. 431–433, 2018.
2. [2] L. Fan and Y. Liu, “Fuzzy self-tuning PID control of the main drive system for four-high hot rolling mill,” Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems, vol. 14, no. 01, pp. 11–22, 2015.
3. [3] S. Liu, J. Liu, Z. Wu, and J. Li, “Bifurcation control for electromechanical coupling torsional vibration in rolling mill system driven by DC motor,” International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 113–125, 2016.
4. [4] J.-K. Ji and S.-K. Sul, “DSP-B based Self-Tuning IP Speed Controller with Load Torque Compensation for Rolling Mill DC Drive,” 1995.
5. [5] L. Dellinger, J. Nassour, and G. Cheng, “Dynamic model of an online programmable textile soft actuator,” in 2023 IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft), IEEE, 2023, pp. 1–6.
6. [6] J. C. Burgatti and R. A. Lacerda, “57mm Brushless DC Motor/BLDC Motor/Gear Motor for Textile Machinery CNC,” Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 237–244, 2009.
7. [7] V. S. Bosch, “Speed controlled single spindle drives for textile machines,” in IECON’98. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Cat. No. 98CH36200), IEEE, 1998, pp. 2316–2320.
8. [8] R. Raes and J. Schellekens, “A speed-controlled dc motor for a washing machine,” Philips Tech. Rev., vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 163–169, 1974.

9. [9] U. Saleem and J. Kaźmierczak, “Building a Circular Economy Model for Managing Exploitation of Household Used Devices on the Example of Washing Machine Driven by DC Motor Along with Components,” Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 309–316, 2021.
10. [10] J.-W. Park, S.-H. Hwang, and J.-M. Kim, “Sensorless control of brushless DC motors with torque constant estimation for home appliances,” IEEE Trans Ind Appl, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 677–684, 2011.
11. [11] R. B. Venkatesh and V. Sivaramkumar, “Design and fabrication of automatic dishwasher machine,” International Journal SSRG, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 26–31, 2017.
12. [12] T. Shigemori and K. Sawa, “Characteristics of carbon and copper flat commutator on DC motor for automotive fuel pump,” in Proceedings of the 50th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts and the 22nd International Conference on Electrical Contacts Electrical Contacts, 2004., IEEE, 2004, pp. 523–527.
13. [13] A. de la Guerra and L. Alvarez-Icaza, “Robust control of the brushless dc motor with variable torque load for automotive applications,” Electric Power Components and Systems, vol. 48, no. 1–2, pp. 117–127, 2020.
14. [14] R. Kahoul, Y. Azzouz, P. Marchal, and B. Mazari, “New behavioral modeling for DC motor armatures applied to automotive EMC characterization,” IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 888–901, 2010.
15. [15] H. Thiemer, “Influence of automotive 42 V powernet on small PM DC motors,” in IEMDC 2001. IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (Cat. No. 01EX485), IEEE, 2001, pp. 591–593.
16. [16] W.-G. Shin and S.-H. Lee, “An analysis of the main factors on the wear of brushes for automotive small brush-type DC motor,” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, vol. 24, pp. 37–41, 2010.
17. [17] Z. Q. Zhu and J. H. Leong, “Analysis and mitigation of torsional vibration of PM brushless AC/DC drives with direct torque controller,” IEEE Trans Ind Appl, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1296–1306, 2012.
18. [18] M. Tariq and M. T. Iqbal, “Power quality improvement by using multi-pulse AC-DC converters for DC drives: Modeling, simulation and its digital implementation,” Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 255–265, 2014.
19. [19] G. C. Ioannidis et al., “AC-DC & DC-DC Converters for DC Motor Drives,” in proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems, 2013.
20. [20] D. ÇELİK, “Performance Analysis of Three Levels Three Switches Vienna-Type Rectifier Based on Direct Power Control,” Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 170–177, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.17694/bajece.1072287.
21. [21] A. KARAFİL and H. ÖZBAY, “Power Control of Single Phase Active Rectifier,” Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 332–336, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.17694/bajece.503207.
22. [22] S.-J. Jeong and S.-H. Song, “Improvement of predictive current control performance using online parameter estimation in phase controlled rectifier,” IEEE Trans Power Electron, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1820–1825, 2007.
23. [23] P. Liutanakul, S. Pierfederici, and F. Meibody-Tabar, “Application of SMC with I/O feedback linearization to the control of the cascade controlled-rectifier/inverter-motor drive system with small dc-link capacitor,” IEEE Trans Power Electron, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 2489–2499, 2008.
24. [24] N. Mohamed, T. Hamza, and G. Brahim, “Novel DTC induction machine drive improvement using controlled rectifier for DC voltage tuning,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1223–1228, 2019.
25. [25] J. H. Chen, K. T. Chau, and C. C. Chan, “Analysis of chaos in current-mode-controlled DC drive systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 67–76, 2000.
26. [26] M. Ilic and D. Maksimovic, “Digital average current-mode controller for DC–DC converters in physical vapor deposition applications,” IEEE Trans Power Electron, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1428–1436, 2008.
27. [27] B. Bryant and M. K. Kazimierczuk, “Modeling the closed-current loop of PWM boost DC-DC converters operating in CCM with peak current-mode control,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 2404–2412, 2005.