Research Article
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Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Among University Students and Academics: The Case of Batman University

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 400 - 409, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1649753
https://izlik.org/JA68KW69WE

Abstract

This study examines the levels of artificial intelligence (AI) anxiety among academic staff and students at Batman University. Data were collected from 500 academic personnel and 500 students using the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale (AIAS) and analyzed through descriptive statistical methods, including t-tests and ANOVA. The study focused on demographic variables such as gender, age, academic field, and years of experience. The findings indicate that male academic staff experienced higher levels of AI anxiety, particularly in job change, sociotechnical blindness, and AI structuring. Less experienced academics also reported elevated anxiety. In the student group, females and those studying in social sciences showed higher anxiety, with the highest job change anxiety detected among the 17–25 age group. These results suggest that AI anxiety varies significantly across demographic categories. The study emphasizes the need for targeted awareness and training programs within academic institutions to support adaptation to AI technologies.

References

  • [1] Alpaydın, E. (2013). Artificial learning. Boğaziçi University Press.
  • [2] Doğan, A. (2002). Artificial intelligence (pp. 142–152). Kariyer.
  • [3] Smith, J. (2023). University students’ perceptions of AI and employment prospects. Journal of Student Affairs, 1(1), 1–15.
  • [4] Cellan-Jones, R. (2014). Stephen Hawking warns artificial intelligence could end mankind. BBC News.
  • [5] Johnson, M. (2022). Ethical implications of AI in academic research. International Journal of Academic Ethics, 1(1), 1–15.
  • [6] Baker, R. S., & Inventado, P. S. (2014). Educational data mining and learning analytics. In Learning analytics (pp. 61–75). Springer.
  • [7] Akbay, S., & Gizir, C. (2010). Academic procrastination behavior in university students by gender: The role of academic motivation, academic self-efficacy, and academic load styles. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 6(1), 60–72.
  • [8] Nabiyev, V. (2012). Artificial intelligence: Human-computer interaction (4th ed., pp. 93–98). Seçkin Publishing.
  • [9] Meço, G., & Coştu, F. (2022). The use of artificial intelligence in education: A descriptive content analysis study. Journal of Social Sciences of Karadeniz Technical University, 12(23), 171–193.
  • [10] Kış, A. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education. In Proceedings of the XIV. International Conference on Educational Management (pp. 186–193). Pegem Academy Publishing.
  • [11] Akdeniz, M., & Özdinç, F. (2021). An analysis of studies addressing artificial intelligence in education in Turkey. Journal of Education Faculty of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 18(1), 912–932.
  • [12] Aslan, A. (2023). Detection of lung cancer using deep learning approaches (ICSAR’22). https://doi.org/10.59287/icpis.877.
  • [13] Seaman, W. (2014). A multi-perspective approach to knowledge production. Kybernetes, 43(9/10), 1412–1424.
  • [14] Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2010). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. Prentice Hall.
  • [15] Akkaya, B., Özkan, A., & Özkan, H. (2021). Artificial Intelligence Anxiety (AIA) Scale: Adaptation to Turkish, validity, and reliability study. Alanya Academic View, 5(2), 1125–1146. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.833668.
  • [16] Wang, Y. Y., & Wang, Y. S. (2019). Development and validation of an artificial intelligence anxiety scale: An initial application in predicting motivated learning behavior. Interactive Learning, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1674887
  • [17] Kaya F, Aydin F, Schepman A, Rodway P, Yetişensoy O, Demir Kaya M. The Roles of Personality Traits, AI Anxiety, and Demographic Factors in Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. 2022 Dec 6:1-8.
  • [18] Huang MH, Rust RT. Artificial Intelligence in Service. J Serv Res. 2018;21(2):155–72.
  • [19] Frey CB, Osborne MA. The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2017;114:254-80.
  • [20] Schepman, A., & Rodway, P. (2020). Initial validation of the general attitudes towards artificial intelligence scale. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 1, 100014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2020.100014
  • [21] Zhang, B., & Dafoe, A. (2019). Artificial Intelligence: American Attitudes and Trends. Center for the Governance of AI, University of Oxford. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3312874
  • [22] Gnambs, T., Stein, J.-P., Appel, M., Griese, F., & Zinn, S. (2025). An economical measure of attitudes towards artificial intelligence in work, healthcare, and education (ATTARI-WHE). Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 3(1), 100106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2024.100106

Üniversite Öğrencileri ve Akademisyenler Arasında Yapay Zekâ Kaygısı: Batman Üniversitesi Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 400 - 409, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1649753
https://izlik.org/JA68KW69WE

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Batman Üniversitesi akademik personeli ve öğrencilerinin yapay zeka (YZ) kaygısına ilişkin algılarını metaforlar aracılığıyla belirlemektir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için araştırma nitel veri toplama yöntemlerinden biri olan fenomenoloji tekniği kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini Batman Üniversitesi'nde görev yapan akademik personel ile 2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılında öğrenim gören ön lisans, lisans ve lisansüstü öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemini ise rastgele örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak seçilen 500 öğrenci ve 500 akademik personel oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri Wang ve Wang tarafından geliştirilen ve Akkaya, Özkan, B., Özkan, A. ve Özkan, H. tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan "Yapay Zeka Kaygı (YZ) Ölçeği" kullanılarak toplanacaktır. Anketler uygulandıktan sonra istatistiksel analizi kolaylaştırmak için SPSS 25.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde frekans analizi, yüzde analizi, aritmetik ortalama, bağımsız değişken testi, varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve post hoc test gibi çeşitli istatistiksel teknikler kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda erkek akademik personelin özellikle iş değiştirme, sosyoteknik körlük ve yapay zeka yapılandırma alt boyutlarında kadın akademik personele göre daha yüksek yapay zeka kaygısı gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Yaş grupları açısından bakıldığında 26-35 yaş aralığındakilerin iş değiştirme kaygısı, 36-45 yaş aralığındakilerin ise yapay zeka yapılandırma kaygısı daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Hizmet yılına bakıldığında 0-10 yıl deneyime sahip akademik personelin kaygısı daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca sağlık bilimlerindeki akademik personelin diğer alanlardakilere göre daha yüksek yapay zeka kaygısı gösterdiği görülmüştür. Öğrenciler arasında kadınların kaygısı erkeklerden daha yüksek bulunmuştur; özellikle 17-25 yaş aralığındakiler ve sosyal bilimler alanında okuyanlar iş değiştirme kaygısı açısından ön plana çıkmıştır.

References

  • [1] Alpaydın, E. (2013). Artificial learning. Boğaziçi University Press.
  • [2] Doğan, A. (2002). Artificial intelligence (pp. 142–152). Kariyer.
  • [3] Smith, J. (2023). University students’ perceptions of AI and employment prospects. Journal of Student Affairs, 1(1), 1–15.
  • [4] Cellan-Jones, R. (2014). Stephen Hawking warns artificial intelligence could end mankind. BBC News.
  • [5] Johnson, M. (2022). Ethical implications of AI in academic research. International Journal of Academic Ethics, 1(1), 1–15.
  • [6] Baker, R. S., & Inventado, P. S. (2014). Educational data mining and learning analytics. In Learning analytics (pp. 61–75). Springer.
  • [7] Akbay, S., & Gizir, C. (2010). Academic procrastination behavior in university students by gender: The role of academic motivation, academic self-efficacy, and academic load styles. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 6(1), 60–72.
  • [8] Nabiyev, V. (2012). Artificial intelligence: Human-computer interaction (4th ed., pp. 93–98). Seçkin Publishing.
  • [9] Meço, G., & Coştu, F. (2022). The use of artificial intelligence in education: A descriptive content analysis study. Journal of Social Sciences of Karadeniz Technical University, 12(23), 171–193.
  • [10] Kış, A. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education. In Proceedings of the XIV. International Conference on Educational Management (pp. 186–193). Pegem Academy Publishing.
  • [11] Akdeniz, M., & Özdinç, F. (2021). An analysis of studies addressing artificial intelligence in education in Turkey. Journal of Education Faculty of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 18(1), 912–932.
  • [12] Aslan, A. (2023). Detection of lung cancer using deep learning approaches (ICSAR’22). https://doi.org/10.59287/icpis.877.
  • [13] Seaman, W. (2014). A multi-perspective approach to knowledge production. Kybernetes, 43(9/10), 1412–1424.
  • [14] Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2010). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. Prentice Hall.
  • [15] Akkaya, B., Özkan, A., & Özkan, H. (2021). Artificial Intelligence Anxiety (AIA) Scale: Adaptation to Turkish, validity, and reliability study. Alanya Academic View, 5(2), 1125–1146. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.833668.
  • [16] Wang, Y. Y., & Wang, Y. S. (2019). Development and validation of an artificial intelligence anxiety scale: An initial application in predicting motivated learning behavior. Interactive Learning, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1674887
  • [17] Kaya F, Aydin F, Schepman A, Rodway P, Yetişensoy O, Demir Kaya M. The Roles of Personality Traits, AI Anxiety, and Demographic Factors in Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. 2022 Dec 6:1-8.
  • [18] Huang MH, Rust RT. Artificial Intelligence in Service. J Serv Res. 2018;21(2):155–72.
  • [19] Frey CB, Osborne MA. The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2017;114:254-80.
  • [20] Schepman, A., & Rodway, P. (2020). Initial validation of the general attitudes towards artificial intelligence scale. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 1, 100014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2020.100014
  • [21] Zhang, B., & Dafoe, A. (2019). Artificial Intelligence: American Attitudes and Trends. Center for the Governance of AI, University of Oxford. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3312874
  • [22] Gnambs, T., Stein, J.-P., Appel, M., Griese, F., & Zinn, S. (2025). An economical measure of attitudes towards artificial intelligence in work, healthcare, and education (ATTARI-WHE). Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 3(1), 100106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2024.100106
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Software Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Suat Gök 0000-0002-2311-1913

Hafzullah İş 0000-0002-1395-1767

Murat Özdaş 0009-0009-7998-8747

Submission Date March 2, 2025
Acceptance Date June 22, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1649753
IZ https://izlik.org/JA68KW69WE
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Gök, S., İş, H., & Özdaş, M. (2025). Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Among University Students and Academics: The Case of Batman University. Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 13(4), 400-409. https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1649753

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